DNA analysis of partial hydatidiform mole revealing triandric monogynic tetraploidy.

The authors present a case of a partial hydatidiform mole where DNA analysis (STR - short tandem repeat genotyping) showed a triandric monogynic tetraploid genome composition with a XXXY gonosomal complement. This genetic finding clinicopathologically correlates with a partial hydatidiform mole, although it is rare in comparison with the typical, diandric monogynic triploid partial moles. The genetic analysis definitively confirmed the suspected diagnosis of a partial mole.

Syncytin-1, syncytin-2 and suppressyn in human health and disease.

In this review, we summarized the results of experimental and clinical studies about three human endogenous retroviruses and their products-syncytin-1, syncytin-2, and suppressyn in human physiology and pathophysiology. We summed up the described connection with various pathological processes and diseases, mainly with pregnancy-induced hypertensive diseases such as preeclampsia, oncogenesis, gestational trophoblastic disease, and multiple sclerosis. Supposed mechanisms of action and the potential of clinical applications are also described.