Cognitive profiles and developmental variations in ADHD: A comparative analysis of childhood and adolescent diagnoses.

This retrospective study investigates the cognitive profiles of individuals with ADHD, categorized by the age at which they were diagnosed-either during childhood or adolescence. The sample comprised 424 participants aged 6 to 20 years, with a predominance of males. Participants were assessed using a variety of neuropsychological standardized tests.

A novel approach to ADHD classification based on severity and emotional impairment: Findings from artificial intelligence analysis.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention and executive dysfunction, although there is not always agreement on the onset, course and long-term stability of the diagnosis. This study aims to detect differences in the cognitive profile according to the subtype of ADHD following a professional diagnosis and to propose an alternative classification. The scores obtained for each cognitive construct were compared using the Student's -test.

New Approach to Early Maladaptive Schemas and its Relationship with Alcohol use Disorder. Role of Psychopathology and Prognostic Variables.

Early maladaptive schemas (EMS), dysfunctional patterns of thought and emotions originated during childhood, latent in most mental disorders, might play a role in the onset of alcohol use disorder (AUD), although their impact on prognosis remains unknown. Our aim is to determine the presence of EMS in patients with AUD and their role in the psychopathology and course of addiction (relapse and withdrawal time). The sample included 104 patients and 100 controls.

Agreement for Recovery: First Spanish Consensus on the Concept of Alcohol Addiction Recovery.

Introduction: Current literature does not dispose from a widely accepted definition of recovery in alcohol use disorder (AUD), and most proposals originate from anglophone countries. This study introduces a pioneering consensus in Spain on the definition of recovery in AUD.

Method: The Delphi method was used.

Cognitive Alterations in Addictive Disorders: A Translational Approach.

The cognitive decline in people with substance use disorders is well known and can be found during both the dependence and drug abstinence phases. At the clinical level, cognitive decline impairs the response to addiction treatment and increases dropout rates. It can be irreversible, even after the end of drug abuse consumption.

How, when, and to what degree do people with alcohol dependence recover their psychological wellbeing and quality of life? The Madrid Recovery Project.

Introduction: The consensus on recovery from alcohol use disorder (AUD) has shifted toward encompassing psychological wellbeing and quality of life dimensions. However, few studies have explored the long-term recovery process and its dimensions, timing, styles, and modes. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent, timing, and process of psychological wellbeing and quality of life recovery in alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients, as well as the relationship with classic dimensions of AUD recovery.

Brain oscillatory functioning after long-term alcohol abstinence.

The heterogeneity of the population with alcohol use disorder (AUD) sometimes makes the knowledge generated in areas such as neuroscience appear to be contradictory. One aspect that may help elucidate this apparent contradiction is controlling for certain variables that are not usually controlled, such as the abstinence time in people with AUD. This research aims to study the neuroelectrical oscillations in people with AUD with longer and shorter abstinence time in comparison with healthy individuals.

Spanish Validation of the Assessment of Recovery Capital Scale in Clinical Population with Alcohol Use Disorder.

Recovery from alcohol use disorder involves achieving certain resources for positive lifestyle changes, well-being, and long-term abstinence. The present study aims to translate and validate the Assessment Capital Recovery (ARC) in a Spanish clinical sample of individuals with alcohol use disorder, in abstinence. The participants were 184 patients who attended outpatient treatments.

Effect of chronic alcohol consumption on brain structure in males with alcohol use disorder without a familiar history of alcoholism.

Structural brain damages caused by chronic alcohol consumption have been extensively reported. However, the neuroimaging findings in people with alcohol use disorder (AUD) are relatively inconsistent. This inconsistency may be due to the influence of different variables that are not always considered, such as the presence of a family history of alcoholism (FHA).

Efficacy of psychological interventions on clinical outcomes of coronary artery disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Psychological factors influence clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Therefore, psychological interventions (PIs) may have beneficial effects in these patients. We evaluated the efficacy of PIs based on cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and positive psychology therapy (PPT) on clinical and laboratory outcomes in CAD.

Psychological recovery stages of alcohol dependent patients after an intensive outpatient treatment: A 4-year follow-up study.

The aim of this work is to determine if relapses can hinder the sequence of psychological recovery and to rebuild this sequence in patients with severe alcohol dependence that seek treatment. The sample was comprised of 159 patients seeking an intensive outpatient treatment of two years duration and who were subject to follow-up during four years after discharge. Patients were grouped according to the presence of relapse during follow-up, resulting in abstainers (n = 80) and relapsers (n = 79).

Stop! - The automatic tendency of action, inhibition and frontal activation in individuals with alcohol-use disorder in abstinence.

Studying the functioning of the frontal lobe during the performance of an inhibitory activity according to automatic tendency of action would allow a better understanding of the relationship between the reflexive and impulsive system described in the dual-process models. This study aims to prove which is the inhibitory capacity and the underlying brain activity of people with alcohol-use disorder in abstinence with a greater avoidance tendency compared to those with a higher approach tendency and healthy controls. In order to group participants with AUD, the total approach/avoidance index (TAAI) - obtained from the modified alcohol approach/avoidance task - was used, therefore resulting in three groups: TAAI- (TAAI < Percentile 35: n = 20), TAAI± (TAAI = Percentile 35-65: n = 20) and TAAI+ (TAAI > Percentile 65: n = 20).

Resting-state connectivity and network parameter analysis in alcohol-dependent males. A simultaneous EEG-MEG study.

There is supporting evidence of alcohol negative effects on the brain: neuroimaging and psychophysiological studies finding anatomical and functional connectivity (FC) changes associated with the dependence process. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate brain FC and network characteristics of alcohol-dependent individuals in resting state. For this study, we included males diagnosed with alcohol dependence (N = 25) and a group of healthy individuals (N = 23).

Significant differences between verbal and non-verbal intellectual scales on a perinatally HIV-infected cohort: from pediatrics to young adults.

Delayed neurodevelopment is a common outcome in perinatally HIV-infected children. Our aim was to assess the intellectual profile of our cohort, considering both the infection and socio-environmental related variables. A cross-sectional cohort study was undertaken at seven major hospitals in Spain belonging to the CoRISpeS cohort (n = 97).

Psychophysiological Correlates of Emotional- and Alcohol-Related Cues Processing in Offspring of Alcohol-Dependent Patients.

Aims: To determinate if offspring of alcohol-dependent patients (OA) process affective stimuli and alcohol-related cues in a different manner than control subjects do.

Methods: Event-related potentials (early posterior negativity [EPN]/ late positive potential [LPP]) and event-related oscillations (Theta) were obtained by electroencephalographic (EEG) recording during the viewing of International Affective Picture System (IAPS) images with positive, negative and neutral valence, as well as alcohol-related cues. The total sample was comprised of 60 participants, divided into two groups: one group consisted of OA (30) and the control group of participants with negative family history of alcohol use disorders (30).

Efficacy of psychological interventions on psychological outcomes in coronary artery disease: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The benefits of cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) and positive psychology therapy (PPT) in patients with cardiovascular disease are still not well defined. We assessed the efficacy of CBT and PPT on psychological outcomes in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials evaluating CBT or PPT in CAD patients published until May 2018 were systematically analyzed.

Brain functional connectivity after cognitive-bias modification and behavioral changes in abstinent alcohol-use disorder patients.

The use of the cognitive-bias modification (CBM) method has emerged as a therapeutic complement in the treatment of alcoholism, producing changes at behavioral and brain level. Nevertheless, the impact of the CBM procedure could be improved by the memory retrieval-extinction process (REP). Different studies have demonstrated that the retrieval of drug memories before extinction training later reduced the reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior.

P3 Component as a Potential Endophenotype for Control Inhibition in Offspring of Alcoholics.

Aims: To assess inhibitory processes and the ongoing event-related potential (ERP) activity of offspring of alcoholics (OA) during a Go/No-Go task, with the purpose of characterizing possible psychophysiological endophenotypes for alcohol-dependent vulnerability.

Short Summary: EEG recordings and ERP measurements of young adults with positive and negative family history of alcoholism where obtained while they performed a Go/No-Go task to assess inhibitory processes. Offspring of alcoholics showed a different ERP pattern compared to the control group and exerted greater effort than the control group.

Development of a screening test for cognitive impairment in alcoholic population: TEDCA.

Introduction: Several studies have found cognitive impairment in patients with a history of alcohol use disorder, affecting their psychosocial functioning and the achievement of therapeutic goals. In order to identify these effects, several cognitive screening tests have been used, though they were not specific for alcoholic population, possibly leading to an increase in the risk of error.

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the main cognitive deficits in patients with history of alcohol use disorders, through the development of a specific screening test for alcohol-related cognitive impairment.