3D-printed CoSi/PCL composite scaffold with NIR-II photothermal ability and enhanced adipogenic activity for breast reconstruction after mastectomy.

Breast reconstruction after mastectomy aims to restore breast appearance and function. Current scaffolds often fail to meet the complex clinical demands of post-mastectomy breast reconstruction, which include personalized shaping, prevention of tumor recurrence and metastasis, and promotion of adipose tissue regeneration. This study aims to address these challenges by combining a readily processable biopolymer, polycaprolactone (PCL), with a multifunctional bioactive ceramic, cobalt orthosilicate (CoSiO, CoSi) to form a multi-functional CoSi/PCL composite scaffold through 3D printing technology.

3D-printed GelMA/CaSiO composite hydrogel scaffold for vascularized adipose tissue restoration.

The increased number of mastectomies, combined with rising patient expectations for cosmetic and psychosocial outcomes, has necessitated the use of adipose tissue restoration techniques. However, the therapeutic effect of current clinical strategies is not satisfying due to the high demand of personalized customization and the timely vascularization in the process of adipose regeneration. Here, a composite hydrogel scaffold was prepared by three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, applying gelatin methacrylate anhydride (GelMA) as printing ink and calcium silicate (CS) bioceramic as an active ingredient for breast adipose tissue regeneration.