Effects of exposure to 1-bromopropane on astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in rat brain.

Objectives: Human cases of 1-bromopropane (1-BP) toxicity showed ataxic gait and cognitive dysfunction, whereas rat studies showed pyknotic shrinkage in cerebellar Purkinje cells and electrophysiological changes in the hippocampus. The present study investigated the effects of 1-BP on astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the rat cerebellum and hippocampus to find sensitive markers of central nervous system toxicity.

Methods: Forty-eight F344 rats were divided into four equal groups and exposed to 1-BP at 0, 400, 800 and 1,000 ppm for 8 h/day; 7 days/week, for 4 weeks.

Exposure to 1-bromopropane induces microglial changes and oxidative stress in the rat cerebellum.

1-Bromopropane (1-BP), an alternative to ozone-depleting solvents, is reported to exhibit neurotoxicity and reproductive toxicity in animals and humans. However, the underlying mechanism of the toxicity remains elusive. This study was designed to identify the microglial changes and oxidative stress in the central nervous system (CNS) after 1-BP exposure.

Increased susceptibility of Nrf2-null mice to 1-bromopropane-induced hepatotoxicity.

1-Bromopropane (1-BP) was introduced as an alternative to ozone-depleting solvents. However, it was found to exhibit neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, and hepatotoxicity in rodents and neurotoxicity in human. However, the mechanisms underlying the toxicities of 1-BP remain elusive.

Comparative study on susceptibility to 1-bromopropane in three mice strains.

Previous studies indicate that 1-bromopropane (1BP) has neurotoxicity and reproductive toxicity both in humans and animals. The present study investigated strain differences in susceptibility to 1BP and identified possible biological factors that determine such susceptibility. Twenty-four male mice of each of the three strains (C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, and BALB/cA) were divided into four groups of six each and exposed to 1BP at 0, 50, 110, and 250 ppm for 8 h/day for 28 days by inhalation.

Changes in neurotransmitter receptor expression levels in rat brain after 4-week exposure to 1-bromopropane.

1-Bromopropane (1-BP), an alternative to ozone-depleting solvents, exhibits neurotoxicity and reproductive toxicity in animals and humans. The present study investigated the effects of exposure to 1-BP on expression of neurotransmitter receptor genes in the rat brain to explore possible biomarkers for central neurotoxicity and find brain regions sensitive for microarray analysis. Thirty-six F344 rats were divided at random into four equal groups of nine and exposed to 1-BP at 0, 400, 800 and 1000 ppm for 8 h/day; 7 days/week for 4 weeks.

Reversibility of the adverse effects of 1-bromopropane exposure in rats.

Previous experiments indicated that 1-bromopropane (1-BP), an alternative to chloroflurocarbons, is neurotoxic and inhibits spermiation in the testis. Here we investigated the reversibility of the toxic effects of 1-BP in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into three equal groups of 24 each and exposed by inhalation to 0, 400 or 1000 ppm of 1-BP for 6 weeks (8 hrs/day, 7 days/week).

Effects of exposure of rat dams to 1-bromopropane during pregnancy and lactation on growth and sexual maturation of their offspring.

1-Bromopropane (1-BP) exhibits neuroreproductive toxicities in adult rats and humans. Here, we determined the effects of exposure of rat dams to 1-BP during pregnancy and lactation on the growth and sexual maturation of their offspring. In Experiment 1, 40 rats were exposed to 0, 100, 400 and 800ppm 1-BP during pregnancy and lactation for 8h/day.

The morphological and histological characters of the male external genitalia of the house musk shrew, Suncus murinus.

External genitalia are the reproductive organs necessary for efficient copulation and internal fertilization in various mammalian species. Their morphogeneses display significant morphological and developmental differences among species. The house musk shrew, Suncus murinus (hereafter described as suncus) is a species of the order Insectivora, which has been considered as primitive and one of the earliest eutheria phylogenetically.

Dose-dependent biochemical changes in rat central nervous system after 12-week exposure to 1-bromopropane.

1-Bromopropane is used as a cleaning agent or adhesive solvent in the workplace. The present study investigated the long-term effects of exposure to 1-bromopropane on biochemical components in the central nervous system (CNS) of rats. Four groups, each of nine male Wistar rats, were exposed to 200, 400, or 800 ppm 1-bromopropane or fresh air only, 8h per day, 7 days a week for 12 weeks.

Three-dimensional distribution patterns of PRL, GH and ACTH cells in the house musk shrew ( Suncus murinus).

Despite a multitude of reports on the classification and distribution of anterior pituitary cells, no previous study has attempted to obtain the three-dimensional (3D) and computer-graphic distribution pattern of each cell type in the whole pituitary. Therefore, we mapped the anterior pituitary cells of the house musk shrew ( Suncus murinus) and found a distinct cellular distribution pattern. Serial horizontal sections of whole shrew pituitaries were stained immunohistochemically for prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) cells.

Biochemical changes in the central nervous system of rats exposed to 1-bromopropane for seven days.

1-Bromopropane is used widely as an alternative to ozone-depleting solvents. The neurotoxic effects of this agent have been described in humans and experimental animals. Here we investigated the underlying mechanisms of the neurotoxic effects of 1-bromopropane by examining the initial biochemical changes in the central nervous system.

Aplasia of the Optic Nerve in Microphthalmic Offspring of Prenatally X-irradiated Rats.

A considerable number of postnatally-viable microphthalmic offspring with optic nerves completely absent were obtained by X-irradiation at a dose of 100 R in pregnant rats on gestational day 10.5. Thirteen of 15 mi-crophthalmic eyes examined displayed histological features characteristic of aplasia of the optic nerve: complete absence of optic papilla, nerve fiber layer and retinal blood vessels, and great reduction in the number of ganglion cells.

Cell surface changes of the presumptive ectoderm following neural-inducing treatment by concanavalin A.

Scanning electron microscopic studies revealed that Concanavalin A (ConA) induces characteristic changes of the cell surface and the cell architecture of the presumptive ectoderm associated with differentiation into neural tissues. In Con A-treated cells, the filopodia with which cells were connected to each other disappeared from the interior (blastocoelic) surface and the cellular adhesivity decreased significantly. Thereafter, the cells underwent from those of the control explants.