Discovery of ElABCG39: a key player in ingenol transmembrane efflux identified through genome-wide analysis of ABC transporters in Euphorbia lathyris L.

Based on transport inhibition and genome-wide analysis, 123 ABC transporters of Euphorbia lathyris were identified, and it was found that the PDR family members ElABCG39 mediated ingenol efflux. Identification of ingenol biosynthetic enzymes and transporters in plant is fundamental to realize its biosynthesis in chassis cells. At present, several key enzymes of the ingenol biosynthesis pathway have been identified, while the mechanisms governing the accumulation or transport of ingenol to distinct plant tissue compartments remain elusive.

The acoustic change complex evoked by location-change sounds in the elderly.

Objective: We have shown that the acoustic change complex (ACC) can be elicited by changing the horizontal sound location in young individuals. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the application of ACC within the elderly and its relationship with behavioural results.

Design: The minimum audible angle (MAA), as well as onset cortical auditory evoked potentials (onset-CAEPs) and ACC elicited by the stimuli of location-change white noise (±45 to ±2 degrees) were recorded.

Sound-localization-related activation and functional connectivity of dorsal auditory pathway in relation to demographic, cognitive, and behavioral characteristics in age-related hearing loss.

Background: Patients with age-related hearing loss (ARHL) often struggle with tracking and locating sound sources, but the neural signature associated with these impairments remains unclear.

Materials And Methods: Using a passive listening task with stimuli from five different horizontal directions in functional magnetic resonance imaging, we defined functional regions of interest (ROIs) of the auditory "where" pathway based on the data of previous literatures and young normal hearing listeners ( = 20). Then, we investigated associations of the demographic, cognitive, and behavioral features of sound localization with task-based activation and connectivity of the ROIs in ARHL patients ( = 22).

Identification of One -Methyltransferase Gene Involved in Methylated Flavonoid Biosynthesis Related to the UV-B Irradiation Response in .

Flavonoids are ubiquitous polyphenolic compounds that play a vital role in plants' defense response and medicinal efficacy. UV-B radiation is a vital environmental regulator governing flavonoid biosynthesis in plants. Many plants rapidly biosynthesize flavonoids as a response to UV-B stress conditions.

Evaluation of the head protection effectiveness of cyclist helmets using full-scale computational biomechanics modelling of cycling accidents.

Introduction: Cycling is a popular choice for urban transportation. Helmets are important and the most popular means of head protection for cyclists. However, a debate about the effectiveness of helmets in protecting a cyclist's head from injury continues.

Conductance Switching and Photovoltaic Effect of Ru(II) Complex Molecular Junctions: Role of Complex Properties and the Metal/Molecule Interface.

The charge transport of Ru(II) complex molecular junctions, fabricated using a soft stamp-printing method, was investigated from 95 to 299 K under both dark and light conditions in order to explore the roles of the electrode/molecule interface and complex properties in the device performance. The junctions show asymmetric current-voltage characteristics with conductance switching and a photovoltaic effect at low temperature. The device performance depends greatly on the redox characteristics and built-in potential induced by electrode/molecule interface(s) and the molecular dipole.