Japanese medaka Olpax6.1 mutant as a potential model for spondylo-ocular syndrome.

pax6 is a canonic master gene for eye formation. Knockout of pax6 affects the development of craniofacial skeleton and eye in mice. Whether pax6 affects the development of spinal bone has not been reported yet.

Medaka (Oryzias latipes) Olpax6.2 acquires maternal inheritance and germ cells expression, but functionally degenerate in the eye.

Gene duplication provides raw material for the evolution of genetic and phenotypic complexity. It has remained a long-standing mystery how duplicated genes evolve into new genes by neofunctionalization via the acquisition of new expression and/or activity and simultaneous loss of the old expression and activity. Fishes have many gene duplicates from whole genome duplication, making them excellent for studying the evolution of gene duplicates.

Mini-Review of Self-Healing Mechanism and Formulation Optimization of Polyurea Coating.

Self-healing polymers are categorized as smart materials that are capable of surface protection and prevention of structural failure. Polyurethane/polyurea, as one of the representative coatings, has also attracted attention for industrial applications. Compared with polyurethane, polyurea coating, with a similar formation process, provides higher tensile strength and requires shorter curing time.

Efficient gene editing in a medaka () cell line and embryos by SpCas9/tRNA-gRNA.

Generation of mutants with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) is commonly carried out in fish species by co-injecting a mixture of messenger RNA (mRNA) or protein and transcribed guide RNA (gRNA). However, the appropriate expression system to produce functional gRNAs in fish embryos and cells is rarely present. In this study, we employed a poly-transfer RNA (tRNA)-gRNA (PTG) system driven by cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter to target the medaka () endogenous gene tyrosinase() or paired box 6.

Organization of the gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (Lpxrfa) system in the brain of zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that inhibits gonadotropin secretion in birds and mammals. However, the role of GnIH (Lpxrfa) in teleosts is unknown. In this study, a transgenic zebrafish (Danio rerio) line Tg(gnih:mCherry) was developed to determine the organization of GnIH neurons in the brain.

Morphological Characteristics and Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Three Different Phenotypes of .

is known as the X-ray fish based on its translucent body. However, the morphological characteristics and the molecular regulatory mechanisms of these translucent bodies are still unknown. In this study, the following three phenotypes, a black-and-gray body color or wild-type (WT), a silvery-white body color defined as mutant I (MU1), and a fully transparent body with a visible visceral mass named as mutant II (MU2), were investigated to analyze their chromatophores and molecular mechanisms.

, Not Maternal, Acquisition of Duplicated Orthologs in .

The highly conserved transcription factor Pax6 is involved in the development of the eyes, brain, and pancreas in vertebrates and invertebrates, whereas the additional expression pattern in other organs is still elusive. In this study, we cloned and characterized two homologs in blunt snout bream (), named and . The protein alignment and phylogenetic tree showed that Mapax6a and Mapax6b were highly conserved compared with their counterparts in other species.

Genetic comparison of two color morphs of northern snakehead (Channa argus) and Chnannidae family.

Relationships of two species of Channa argus (northern snakeheads) named "Bicolor type" and "White type", as well as other six Channa species were investigated based on their partial sequence of mitochondrial DNA 16S rRNA genes in the present study. For the Channa family, the average genetic distance was 0.0863 with the inter-species genetic distance ranged from 0.