Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Dehydro-Diels-Alder Reaction: Atom-Economical Synthesis of Axially Chiral Carbazoles.

The dehydro-Diels-Alder (DDA) reaction is a powerful method for the construction of aromatic compounds. However, the enantioselective DDA reaction has been rarely developed, probably due to the competitive thermal reaction. Herein, we report a copper-catalyzed enantioselective DDA reaction through vinyl cation pathway.

A finite element model of human hindfoot and its application in supramalleolar osteotomy.

Background: The majority of the ankle osteoarthritis cases are posttraumatic and affect younger patients with a longer projected life span. Hence, joint-preserving surgery, such as supramalleolar osteotomy becomes popular among young patients, especially those with asymmetric arthritis due to alignment deformities. However, there is a lack of biomechanical studies on postoperative evaluation of stress at ankle joints.