Automatic AI tool for opportunistic screening of vertebral compression fractures on chest frontal radiographs: A multicenter study.

Vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) are the most common type of osteoporotic fractures, yet they are often clinically silent and undiagnosed. Chest frontal radiographs (CFRs) are frequently used in clinical practice and a portion of VCFs can be detected through this technology. This study aimed to develop an automatic artificial intelligence (AI) tool using deep learning (DL) model for the opportunistic screening of VCFs from CFRs.

Pathological Priors Inspired Network for Vertebral Osteophytes Recognition.

Automatic vertebral osteophyte recognition in Digital Radiography is of great importance for the early prediction of degenerative disease but is still a challenge because of the tiny size and high inter-class similarity between normal and osteophyte vertebrae. Meanwhile, common sampling strategies applied in Convolution Neural Network could cause detailed context loss. All of these could lead to an incorrect positioning predicament.

Preoperative albumin-alkaline phosphatase ratio affects the prognosis of patients undergoing hepatocellular carcinoma surgery.

Background: The correlation between the preoperative albuminalkaline phosphatase ratio (AAPR) and the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after radical resection is still not comprehensive.

Objective: This study aims to observe the correlation between preoperative AAPR and the prognosis of HCC patients after radical resection.

Methods: We constructed a retrospective cohort study and included 656 HCC patients who underwent radical resection.

Sex Differences in the Impact of Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Fatty Liver Disease on the of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Radical Resection.

International experts have put forward a new definition for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Nonetheless, sex differences in MAFLD function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) survival is still unknown. Therefore, the current work focused on exploring the gender-specific association of MAFLD effect on prognosis after radical resection of liver cancer.

The Role of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Developing Chronic Kidney Disease: Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Background: The association between metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unclear.

Objective: This longitudinal cohort study aimed to test whether MAFLD plays an important role in the development of CKD.

Methods: This cohort study included 41,246 participants who had undergone 3 or more health examinations from 2008 to 2015 at the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.

The relationship between metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and the incidence rate of extrahepatic cancer.

Background: The associations between metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and cancer development, especially extrahepatic cancers, are unknown. The aims of the current study were to investigate the cancer incidence rates of MAFLD and analyze the associations between MAFLD and the development of cancers.

Methods: This historical cohort study included participants who underwent ultrasonographic detection of hepatic steatosis at a tertiary hospital in China from January 2013 to October 2021.

Prevalence and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors among resident of coastal areas in Qinzhou, Guangxi, China.

Objective: We aimed to estimate the prevalence of CRFs and investigate its associated social-economic factors among adults in coastal areas of Qinzhou, Guangxi.

Methods: A representative sample of 1836 participants aged 20 to 70 years was included in Qinzhou, Guangxi in 2020. Data were collected by the questionnaire, anthropometric and laboratory measurements.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease can significantly increase the risk of chronic kidney disease in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Aims: This study is to explore the relationship between metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) among populations with type 2 diabetes through longitudinal cohort study.

Methods: 3,627 subjects who had received at least three health examinations between 2008 and 2015 were included. CKD was stated as subjects with an eGFR < 60 mL/min per 1·73 m2 or the occurrence of 2 or more proteinuria during their follow-up.

PCAN: Pixel-wise classification and attention network for thoracic disease classification and weakly supervised localization.

Automatic chest X-ray (CXR) disease classification has drawn increasing public attention as CXR is widely used in thoracic disease diagnosis. Existing classification networks typically employ a global average pooling layer to produce the final feature for the subsequent classifier. This limits the classification performance owing to the characteristics of lesions in CXR images, including small relative sizes, varied absolute sizes, and different occurrence locations.

Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel and Potent Protein Arginine Methyltransferases 5 Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy.

Protein arginine methyltransferases 5 (PRMT5) is a clinically promising epigenetic target that is upregulated in a variety of tumors. Currently, there are several PRMT5 inhibitors under preclinical or clinical development, however the established clinical inhibitors show favorable toxicity. Thus, it remains an unmet need to discover novel and structurally diverse PRMT5 inhibitors with characterized therapeutic utility.

Discovery of the First Selective IDO2 Inhibitor As Novel Immunotherapeutic Avenues for Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2), a closely related homologue of well-studied immunomodulatory enzyme IDO1, has been identified as a pathogenic mediator of inflammatory autoimmunity in preclinical models. Therapeutic targeting IDO2 in autoimmune diseases has been challenging due to the lack of small-molecule IDO2 inhibitors. Here, based on our previously developed IDO1/IDO2 dual inhibitor, guided by the homology model of the IDO2 structure, we discovered compound , the most potent inhibitor targeting IDO2 with good inhibitory activity (IDO2 IC = 112 nM).

Value of CSF-Cl, CSF-GS, CSF-MALB, and CSF-ADA in Differential Diagnosis of Secondary Hydrocephalus.

Objectives: To investigate the value of cerebrospinal fluid chloride (CSF-Cl), cerebrospinal fluid glucose (CSF-GS), cerebrospinal fluid microalbumin (CSF-MALB), and cerebrospinal fluid adenosine deaminase (CSF-ADA) in the differential diagnosis of secondary hydrocephalus.

Methods: 103 patients with secondary hydrocephalus treated in our hospital from January 2018 to April 2022 were selected. According to different types, it is divided into the hemorrhagic hydrocephalus group and tumor hydrocephalus group.

Endothelial microparticles exert differential effects on functions of Th1 in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Background: Endothelial microparticles (EMPs) can be involved in inflammatory process, blood coagulation, and regulation of vascular function. However, it remains unclear whether EMPs participate in the pathogenesis of ACS. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of EMPs on Th1/Th2 development and functions in vitro.