The biochemical behavior and mechanism of uranium(Ⅵ) bioreduction induced by natural Bacillus thuringiensis.

For a broader understanding of uranium migration affected by microorganisms in natural anaerobic environment, the bioreduction of uranium(Ⅵ) (U(Ⅵ)) was revealed in Bacillus thuringiensis, a dominant bacterium strain with potential of uranium-tolerant isolated from uranium contaminated soil. The reduction behavior was systematically investigated by the quantitative analysis of U(Ⅳ) in bacteria, and mechanism was inferred from the pathway of electron transmission. Under anaerobic conditions, appropriate biomass and sodium lactate as electron donor, reduction behavior of U(Ⅵ) induced by B.

Self-Assembled L-DNA Linkers for Rapid Construction of Multi-Specific Antibody-Drug Conjugates Library.

One of the key challenges of improving clinical outcomes of antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) is overcoming cancer resistance to the antibody and/or drug components of ADCs, and hence the need for ADC platforms with high combinatory flexibility. Here, we introduce the use of self-assembled left-handed DNA (L-DNA) oligonucleotides to link combinatory single-domain antibodies and toxin payloads for tunable and adaptive delivery of ADCs. We demonstrate that the method allows convenient construction of a library of ADCs with multi-specific targeting, multi-specific payloads, and exact drug-antibody ratio.

Amelioration of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Models: A Potential Role for Aβ.

Emerging data have highlighted the coexistence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), both of which are common central nervous system degenerative diseases with a heavy burden on patients, their families, and society. However, it is unclear how MS progresses under an AD pathological background. We aimed to address the question of how MS progresses under an AD pathological background.

Neonatal cortical astrocytes possess intrinsic potential in neuronal conversion in defined media.

Astrocytes are multifunctional brain cells responsible for maintaining the health and function of the central nervous system. Accumulating evidence suggests that astrocytes might be complementary source across different brain regions to supply new neurons during adult neurogenesis. In this study, we found that neonatal mouse cortical astrocytes can be directly converted into neurons when exposed to neurogenic differentiation culture conditions, with insulin being the most critical component.

Hepatitis B Virus DNA Polymerase Displays an Anti-Apoptotic Effect by Interacting with Elongation Factor-1 Alpha-2 in Hepatoma Cells.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome P-encoded protein HBV DNA polymerase (Pol) has long been known as a reverse transcriptase during HBV replication. In this study, we investigated the impact of HBV Pol on host cellular processes, mainly apoptosis, and the underlying mechanisms. We showed a marked reduction in apoptotic rates in the HBV Pol-expressed HepG2 cells compared to controls.

MiR-194 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma through negative regulation of CADM1.

Aberrant expression of microRNAs may contribute to the initiation and progression of various types of human cancer and they may also constitute biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, the specific function of miR-194 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the potential mechanism of its involvement in HCC were unclear. In the present study, we found that miR-194 inhibited CADM1 protein level expression by inhibiting mRNA translation of CADM1; the expression of CADM1 was low in liver cancer cells and tumor tissues, and the high expression of miR-194 was closely related to HCC.

Visualization of Ligand-Bound Ectodomain Assembly in the Full-Length Human IGF-1 Receptor by Cryo-EM Single-Particle Analysis.

Tyrosine kinase receptor of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and insulin receptor (IR) bind to hormones, such as insulin, IGF-1, and IGF-2, and transduces the signals across the cell membrane. However, the complete structure of the receptor and the signal transduction mechanism remains unclear. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of the ligand-bound ectodomain in the full-length human IGF-1R.

Research on promoting liver fibrosis injury by the targeted regulation of miR-202 for HGF to activate HSC.

Background: Liver fibrosis is the primary cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and leads to considerable morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have shown that microRNAs are associated with fibrotic processes in liver disorders, but the exact role of miR-202 is still unclear, and its related mechanisms are not fully understood.

Aims: The aim of this research is to analyze the regarded regulation of miR-202 on HGF and its role in the pathological progress of liver fibrosis.

Self-cleaning isotype g-CN heterojunction for efficient photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent uranium under visible light.

Photocatalysis is a promising method to eliminate hexavalent uranium (U(Ⅵ)) and recycle it from wastewater. However, most of researched photocatalysts are metal-contained, inactive in visible light, and inconvenient to recycle, which unfortunately impedes the further utilization of photocatalytic technology in U(Ⅵ) pollution treatment. Herein, g-CN isotype heterojunction with interpenetrated tri-s-triazine structure (ipCN) was prepared by inserting urea into the interlayer of tri-s-triazine planes of thiourea-derived g-CN and in-site thermal treating.

Crystal structure of PppA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a key regulatory component of type VI secretion systems.

The Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a membrane protein complex related to inter-bacterial competitions and host-pathogen interactions in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The T6SS is regulated by a great variety of regulatory mechanisms at multiple levels, including post-translational modification with threonine phosphorylation mediated by Ser/Thr protein kinase PpkA and phosphatase PppA. The T6SS is activated by PpkA via Thr phosphorylation of Fha, and PppA can antagonize PpkA.

[Cell proteins that potentially interact with HBV polymerase were identified by co-immunoprecipitation-based LC-MS/MS identification and IPA].

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease, and frequently results in hepatitis, cirrhosis, and ultimately hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV polymerase (Pol) is an essential viral protein that is important for HBV replication and might be involved in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Protein-protein interactions appears to be crucial for its role.

Construction and expression of a recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid containing the genes of hepatitis B virus and the gene: A study of its immunomodulatory effects.

A total of 10-20% of the population remains unresponsive or weakly responsive to hepatitis B vaccine, which is composed of hepatitis B surface antigen HBsAg (S protein). Therefore, it is necessary to develop a hepatitis B vaccine with a better penetrating and responsive rate. In the present study, a plasmid pVAX1-L-GM was constructed and its immunomodulatory effect of as hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA vaccine was analyzed through the immunization of BALB/c mice.

Construction of a fusion expression plasmid containing the G250 gene and human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and its significance in renal cell carcinoma.

This study aimed to construct a eukaryotic expression plasmid containing the G250/MN/CA IX (G250) and human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) genes, and to detect the expression of these proteins in vitro by recombinant plasmids in eukaryotic cells. pORF-hGM-CSF and pcDNA3.0-G250 were used as the template to amplify G250 and hGM-CSF by routine polymerase chain reaction (PCR).