Tumor‑associated neutrophils: Critical regulators in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance (Review).

Cancer is the second leading cause of death among humans worldwide. Despite remarkable improvements in cancer therapies, drug resistance remains a significant challenge. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is intimately associated with therapeutic resistance.

Tribbles Pseudokinase 3 Converts Sorafenib Therapy to Neutrophil-Mediated Lung Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Rapid development of resistance to sorafenib and subsequent hyperprogression in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pose significant challenges, with the underlying mechanisms still largely unknown. Herein, sorafenib-induced TRIB3 is identified as a liver-specific determinant driving secondary resistance to sorafenib by facilitating the accumulation of protumorigenic neutrophils within tumors. Mechanistically, TRIB3, triggered by the sorafenib-elicited ROS-ER stress axis, operates in an NF-κB-dependent manner to upregulate CXCR1/2 ligands, subsequently promoting neutrophil recruitment into tumors.

Intratumoral Collagen Deposition Supports Angiogenesis Suggesting Anti-angiogenic Therapy in Armored and Cold Tumors.

A previous study classifies solid tumors based on collagen deposition and immune infiltration abundance, identifying a refractory subtype termed armored & cold tumors, characterized by elevated collagen deposition and diminished immune infiltration. Beyond its impact on immune infiltration, collagen deposition also influences tumor angiogenesis. This study systematically analyzes the association between immuno-collagenic subtypes and angiogenesis across diverse cancer types.

Mean Nocturnal Baseline Impedance May Be Greater Than 2500 Ohms in Chinese Patients With GERD.

Background: According to the Lyon Consensus 2.0, mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) greater than 2500 Ω is considered evidence against gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, we have observed that a subset of GERD patients presents with MNBI exceeding 2500 Ω.

Cardio-renal protective effect and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for chronic kidney disease patients with eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This meta-analysis was designed to investigate cardio-renal outcomes and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) as a therapeutic option among chronic kidney disease(CKD) patients with GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, regardless of their diabetic status.

Method: We conducted a full-scale search from MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library database to identify eligible studies up to Jun 2024.

Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Rice Tolerance to Salt and Drought Stress: Advances and Future Directions.

Rice, a globally important food crop, faces significant challenges due to salt and drought stress. These abiotic stresses severely impact rice growth and yield, manifesting as reduced plant height, decreased tillering, reduced biomass, and poor leaf development. Recent advances in molecular biology and genomics have uncovered key physiological and molecular mechanisms that rice employs to cope with these stresses, including osmotic regulation, ion balance, antioxidant responses, signal transduction, and gene expression regulation.

Angiotensin receptor blocker attacks armored and cold tumors and boosts immune checkpoint blockade.

Background: Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has made remarkable achievements, but newly identified armored and cold tumors cannot respond to ICB therapy. The high prevalence of concomitant medications has huge impact on immunotherapeutic responses, but the clinical effects on the therapeutic outcome of armored and cold tumors are still unclear.

Methods: In this research, using large-scale transcriptomics datasets, the expression and potential biological functions of angiotensin II receptor 1 (AGTR1), the target of angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), were investigated.

Voluntary exercise sensitizes cancer immunotherapy via the collagen inhibition-orchestrated inflammatory tumor immune microenvironment.

Physical activity reduces cancer-associated mortality through multiple mechanisms, including tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) reprogramming. However, whether and how physiological interventions promote anti-tumor immunity remain elusive. Here, we report that clinically relevant voluntary exercise promotes muscle-derived extracellular vesicle (EV)-associated miR-29a-3p for tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) inhibition in patients and mouse models, thereby permitting immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy.

Generation of Two-Line Restorer Line with Low Chalkiness Using Knockout of through CRISPR/Cas9 Editing.

Chalkiness is an important grain quality trait in rice. , encoding a vacuolar H-translocating pyrophosphatase, is a major gene affecting both the percentage of grains with chalkiness (PGWC) and chalkiness degree (DEC) in rice. Reducing its expression can decrease both PGEC and DEC.

Conserved immuno-collagenic subtypes predict response to immune checkpoint blockade.

Background: Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized the treatment of various cancer types. Despite significant preclinical advancements in understanding mechanisms, identifying the molecular basis and predictive biomarkers for clinical ICB responses remains challenging. Recent evidence, both preclinical and clinical, underscores the pivotal role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in modulating immune cell infiltration and behaviors.

Prognostic nomogram in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a SEER-based study.

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal system. They originate from the interstitial cells of Cajal located within the muscle layer and are characterized by over-expression of the tyrosine kinase receptor KIT.

Methods: Data from the Surveillance Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of 1,213 patients diagnosed with GIST between 2010 and 2019 were dichotomized into a modeling set and a validation set at a 2:1 ratio.

High B7-H3 expression with low PD-L1 expression identifies armored-cold tumors in triple-negative breast cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is generally regarded as the most aggressive subtype among breast cancers, but exhibits higher chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic responses due to its unique immunogenicity. Thus, appropriate discrimination of subtypes is critical for guiding therapeutic options in clinical practice. In this research, using multiple in-house and public cohorts, we investigated the expression features and immuno-correlations of B7-H3 in breast cancer and checked the anti-tumor effect of the B7-H3 monoclonal antibody in a mouse model.

Fecal microbiota transplantation alleviates intestinal inflammatory diarrhea caused by oxidative stress and pyroptosis via reducing gut microbiota-derived lipopolysaccharides.

Infancy is a critical period in the maturation of the gut microbiota and a phase of susceptibility to gut microbiota dysbiosis. Early disturbances in the gut microbiota can have long-lasting effects on host physiology, including intestinal injury and diarrhea. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can remodel gut microbiota and may be an effective way to treat infant diarrhea.

Identification of reliable QTLs and designed QTL breeding for grain shape and milling quality in the reciprocal introgression lines in rice.

Milling quality (MQ) and grain shape (GS) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) are correlated traits, both determine farmers' final profit. More than one population under multiple environments may provide valuable information for breeding selection on these MQ-GS correlations.

Multicenter phase I dose escalation and expansion study of pyrotinib in combination with camrelizumab and chemotherapy as first-line treatment for HER2-positive advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.

Background: Pembrolizumab plus trastuzumab and chemotherapy showed remarkable efficacy as first-line therapy for advanced HER2-positive gastric cancer. Pyrotinib is an irreversible pan-HER inhibitor. This single-arm, open-label phase 1 dose-escalation (1a) and expansion (1b) study investigated camrelizumab, an anti-PD-1 antibody, plus pyrotinib and chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced HER2-positive gastric and gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinoma.

Erratum: SECTM1 is upregulated in immuno-hot tumors and predicts immunotherapeutic efficacy in multiple cancers.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.

Effects of Diets Combining Peanut Vine and Whole-Plant Corn Silage on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Rumen Microbiota of Simmental Crossbred Cattle.

Peanut vine is a typical peanut by-product and can be used as a quality roughage resource. Whole-plant corn silage is a commonly used roughage. However, few studies have investigated the effects of diets combining peanut vine and whole-plant corn silage on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, meat quality, rumen fermentation and microbiota of beef cattle.

HOXC10 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression by targeting FOXA3 and indicates poor survival outcome.

Background: Esophageal cancer is one of the most unknown and deadliest cancers in the world. Although recent studies have identified some mutations linked to the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (ESCC), the specific role of HomeoboxC10 (HOXC10) in the pathogenesis still requires further investigation.

Methods: Agilent mRNA single-channel gene expression was employed to identify genome-wide gene signatures in ESCC.

Formin protein FMNL1 is a biomarker for tumor-infiltrating immune cells and associated with well immunotherapeutic response.

Increased studies on the basis of bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data of cancer identify numbers of immune-related genes which may play potential regulatory roles in the tumor microenvironment (TME) without in-depth validation. In the current study, the immunological correlation and cell subpopulation expression pattern of FMNL1 were analyzed using public data. In addition, the cell subpopulation expression pattern of FMNL1 was also deeply validated using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and multiplexed quantitative immunofluorescence (mQIF).

Alfalfa Silage Diet Improves Meat Quality by Remodeling the Intestinal Microbes of Fattening Pigs.

Because the demand for pork is increasing, it is crucial to devise efficient and green methods to improve the quality and quantity of meat. This study investigated the improvement in pork quality after the inclusion of alfalfa meal or alfalfa silage in pig diet. Our results indicated that alfalfa silage improved meat quality more effectively in terms of water-holding capacity, drip loss, and marbling score.

PSMC2 is a Novel Prognostic Biomarker and Predicts Immunotherapeutic Responses: From Pancreatic Cancer to Pan-Cancer.

Background: Proteasome 26S subunit ATPase 2 (PSMC2) is a part of the 19S regulatory complex, which catalyzes the unfolding and transport of substrates into the 20S proteasome. Our previous research demonstrated that PSMC2 participates in the tumorigenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer (PC). However, no systematic analysis has been conducted to conclude its expression pattern and correlation with tumor immunity.

Investigation on the interaction of aromatic organophosphate flame retardants with human serum albumin via computer simulations, multispectroscopic techniques and cytotoxicity assay.

Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are newly emerging estrogenic environmental pollutants, which attracted widespread public interest owing to their potential threats to human. Here, the interaction between two typical aromatic OPFRs, TPHP/EHDPP and HSA was researched by different experiments. Experimental results indicated that TPHP/EHDPP can insert the site I of HSA and be encircled by several amino acid residues, Asp451, Glu292, Lys195, Trp214 and Arg218 played vital roles in this binding process.

Total T Cell Density and Expression of T Memory Stem Cell Markers are Associated with Better Prognosis in Colon Cancer.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have achieved limited clinical effectiveness in colon cancer. Stem memory T cells (TSCMs) and in-situ cytotoxic T cells are dominant contributors to host immunity. Currently, data on the correlation between TSCM and T cell abundance and clinicopathological characteristics in colon cancer are largely unavailable.