Visualizing Electron Transfer through Silver Nanoparticle Formation and Photothermal Imaging: A Case Study of Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron.

Electron release and transfer are pivotal to the efficiency of multiple biogeochemical and pollutant processes. Despite substantial efforts to develop electron-transfer characterization techniques, visualization of electron transfer remains challenging. This study introduces an innovative strategy for mapping electron-transfer distance using nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) as a case study.

Visualizing Hydrogen Peroxide Diffusion in Soils with Precipitation-Based Fluorescent Probe.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO)-based advanced oxidation technology has emerged as a cost-effective and green solution for tackling soil pollution. Given the highly heterogeneous nature of soil, the effectiveness of HO remediation is significantly influenced by its diffusion distance in soils. However, the dynamics of HO diffusion and its effective range remain largely unexplored, primarily due to the lack of analytical methods for mapping HO in soils.

Redox Oscillation-Driven Production of Reactive Oxygen Species from Black Carbon.

Wildfire and stubble burning release substantial amounts of black carbon (BC) into natural environments that experience frequent redox oscillations, such as wetlands and farmlands. Here, we report that redox oscillations can effectively drive ROS production from BC. Following sequential microbial reduction and air exposure, 6.

Accelerated Indirect Photodegradation of Organic Pollutants at the Soil-Water Interface.

Indirect photolysis driven by photochemically produced reactive intermediates (PPRIs) is pivotal for the transformations and fates of pollutants in nature. While well-studied in bulk water, indirect photolysis processes at environmental interfaces remain largely unexplored. This study reveals a significant acceleration of indirect photodegradation of organic pollutants at the soil-water interface of wetlands.

Perspectives and Factors Related to Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States: A Mixed-Methods Study on the Role of History of PrEP Use.

This study quantitatively examined factors related to young men who have sex with men (YMSM)'s decisions to use pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) by their history of PrEP use and qualitatively elicited their perspectives on PrEP options. Higher proportions of YMSM who had never used (vs. ever used) PrEP considered the following factors as important in their decisions to use PrEP: (a) Returning to PrEP follow-up visits ( p = .

Interspecific and Intraspecific Transcriptomic Variations Unveil the Potential High-Altitude Adaptation Mechanisms of the Butterfly Species.

butterflies have significantly advanced our understanding of biogeography, insect-plant interactions, and other fields of ecology and evolutionary biology. However, to date, little is known about the gene expression patterns related to the high-altitude adaptation of species. In this study, we obtained high-throughput RNA-seq data of 48 adult individuals covering 10 species from 12 localities in China, and deciphered their interspecific and intraspecific expression patterns based on comparative transcriptomic analyses.

Radial Oxygen Loss Triggers Diel Fluctuation of Cadmium Dissolution in the Rhizosphere of Rice.

Cadmium (Cd) contamination poses a significant global threat to human health, primarily through dietary intake, with rice serving as a major source. While Cd predominantly resides in bound states in soil, the physiological processes by which rice facilitates Cd absorption in the rhizosphere remain largely elusive. This study delves into the mechanisms governing Cd uptake by rice plants in the rhizosphere, emphasizing the impact of daytime and nighttime fluctuations in microenvironmental conditions.

A characterization for fuzzy strong cut vertices and fuzzy strong cut edges.

Cut vertices and cut edges are valuable for analyzing connectivity problems in classical graph theory. However, they cannot deal with certain fuzzy problems. In order to solve this problem, this paper introduces the definitions of fuzzy strong cut vertices and fuzzy strong cut edges, and characterizes fuzzy strong cut vertices and fuzzy strong cut edges in fuzzy trees, complete fuzzy graphs, and fuzzy cycles.

A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of an mHealth Intervention to Improve PrEP Adherence Among Young Sexual Minority Men.

This randomized controlled study assessed the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary impact of the PrEP iT! mHealth intervention designed to improve PrEP adherence among young men who have sex with men (YMSM). A national sample of 80 YMSM in the U.S.

Host genetics and larval host plant modulate microbiome structure and evolution underlying the intimate insect-microbe-plant interactions in species on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Insects harbor a remarkable diversity of gut microbiomes critical for host survival, health, and fitness, but the mechanism of this structured symbiotic community remains poorly known, especially for the insect group consisting of many closely related species that inhabit the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Here, we firstly analyzed population-level 16S rRNA microbial dataset, comprising 11 species covering 5 subgenera, from 14 populations mostly sampled in mountainous regions across northwestern-to-southeastern China, and meanwhile clarified the relative importance of multiple factors on gut microbial community structure and evolution. Our findings indicated that both host genetics and larval host plant modulated gut microbial diversity and community structure.

Sexual Racism on Geosocial Networking Applications and Identity Outness Among Sexual Minority Men in the US.

Although the use of (GSN) applications for relationship seeking is prevalent among (SMM), SMM of color may be vulnerable to sexual racism online. Little is known about how sexual racism relates to SMM of color's identity outness, which is integral to the minority stress model and the focus of this study. Eighty SMM, recruited through social media (53.

Field Quantification of Hydroxyl Radicals by Flow-Injection Chemiluminescence Analysis with a Portable Device.

Hydroxyl radical (OH) is a powerful oxidant abundantly found in nature and plays a central role in numerous environmental processes. On-site detection of OH is highly desirable for real-time assessments of OH-centered processes and yet is restrained by a lack of an analysis system suitable for field applications. Here, we report the development of a flow-injection chemiluminescence analysis (FIA-CL) system for the continuous field detection of OH.

Attitudes Toward and Beliefs in the Effectiveness of Biomedical HIV Prevention Strategies Among Emerging and Young Adult Sexual Minority Men.

Background: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and HIV treatment as prevention, which underlies the Undetectable = Untransmittable (U = U) campaign, are two effective biomedical approaches for HIV prevention among sexual minority men (SMM). Attitudes toward PrEP and U = U may differ between SMM emerging adults (EA: 18-24 years old) and young adults (YA: 25-29 years old) to drive differences in sexual behavior. However, to date, few studies assessed the degree to which YAs and EAs differ in their beliefs in the effectiveness of PrEP and U = U.

Dispersal from the Qinghai-Tibet plateau by a high-altitude butterfly is associated with rapid expansion and reorganization of its genome.

Parnassius glacialis is a typical "Out of the QTP" alpine butterfly that originated on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and dispersed into relatively low-altitude mountainous. Here we assemble a chromosome-level genome of P. glacialis and resequence 9 populations in order to explore the genome evolution and local adaptation of this species.

Implementation of laser flash photolysis for radical-induced reactions and environmental implications.

Confronted with the imperative crisis of water quality deterioration, the pursuit of state-of-the-art decontamination technologies for a sustainable future never stops. Fitting into the framework of suitability, advanced oxidation processes have been demonstrated as powerful technologies to produce highly reactive radicals for the degradation of toxic and refractory contaminants. Therefore, investigations on their radical-induced degradation have been the subject of scientistic and engineering interests for decades.

The Use of Daily and On-Demand Oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Dosing Strategies Among Young Adult Gay, Bisexual and Other Men who have Sex with Men Enrolled in an mHealth Adherence Intervention.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective HIV prevention option for gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). However, with newer PrEP options, a greater understanding of whether and why GBMSM switch dosing strategies is needed to inform clinical practice and research. We assessed the dosing strategies (daily or on-demand) of GBMSM enrolled in an mHealth PrEP adherence pilot intervention at four timepoints over approximately 10 months.

A Middle Ordovician Burgess Shale-type fauna from Castle Bank, Wales (UK).

Burgess Shale-type faunas are critical to our understanding of animal evolution during the Cambrian, giving an unrivalled view of the morphology of ancient organisms and the ecology of the earliest animal-dominated communities. Rare examples in Lower Ordovician strata such as the Fezouata Biota illustrate the subsequent evolution of ecosystems but only from before the main phase of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event. Later Ordovician Konservat-Lagerstätten are not directly comparable with the Burgess Shale-type faunas as they do not represent diverse, open-shelf communities, limiting our ability to track ecological development through the critical Ordovician biodiversification interval.

Literature review on engineering surface modeling.

This paper provides a comprehensive literature review of numerical simulation models for engineering surfaces. This review attempts to make a link between the development of mainstream models, especially focusing on recent advances in surface topography modeling research within the last 2-3 years, and presenting future perspectives on these aspects. However, it is important to note that surface topography modeling serves more of a subsequent tribological simulation.

Terpenoids from the Sponge sp. Collected in the South China Sea.

Sarcotragusolides A-D (-), four new butenolide sesterterpenes featuring a rare methyl-transferred 6/6/6-tricyclic fused ring system with a butyrolactone moiety, and echinohalimane B (), an unprecedented monocyclic diterpenoid featuring a 2,7-ring-opened halimane-type skeleton, were isolated from the sponge sp. A γ-hydroxybutenolide sesterterpene derivative (), a new scalarane sesterterpene (), a new subersin-type diterpenoid (), and two known terpenoids were also isolated and identified. The discovery of sarcotragusolides C and D ( and ) with an unprecedented inversion of configuration implied a distinct biosynthetic pathway.

The Liexi fauna: a new Lagerstätte from the Lower Ordovician of South China.

The Ordovician Lagerstätten record substantial amounts of excellent preservation and soft-bodied fossils during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE). However, few Lagerstätten are known from the Lower Ordovician, most of which are preserved in restricted environments and high-latitude regions. Here, we report on a new tropical Lagerstätte, Liexi fauna, which has been recently discovered from a carbonate succession within the Lower Ordovician Madaoyu Formation in western Hunan, South China.

Perspectives on Cigarette Use, Vaping, and Antitobacco Campaigns Among Adolescent Sexual Minority Males and Gender Diverse Youth.

This qualitative study examined perceived benefits and drawbacks of smoking/vaping and attitudes toward antitobacco campaigns among adolescent sexual minority males and gender-diverse (ASMM/GD) youth. In July 2019, 215 U.S.

Phylogeny and Biogeographic History of Butterflies (Papilionidae: Parnassiinae) Reveal Their Origin and Deep Diversification in West China.

We studied 239 imagoes of 12 species collected from the mountains of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and its neighbouring areas in China. We selected three mitochondrial gene (, , and ) sequences, along with the homologous gene sequences of other species from GenBank, to reconstruct the phylogenetic tree and biogeographic history of this genus. Our results show that comprises eight monophyletic subgenera, with subgenus at the basal position; the genus crown group originated during the Middle Miocene (ca.

Bryozoans from the Early Ordovician Fenhsiang Formation (Tremadocian) of South China and the early diversification of the phylum.

Although phosphatized bryozoans have been described recently from the early Cambrian, the first unequivocal bryozoan fossils with hard skeletons are known from the Ordovician. Recent discoveries of bryozoans in the early Ordovician (Tremadocian) of South China have greatly expanded our understanding of the diversification of these colonial lophophorates. In particular, the Fenhsiang Formation of Late Tremadocian age (Migneintian) in Hubei Province is proving to be particularly rich in bryozoans.

Cigarette Use and Vaping Among Sexual and Gender Minority (SGM) Adolescents Assigned Male at Birth: Patterns of Use and Associations with Demographic and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: This study described cigarette and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDs) use and their demographic and psychosocial correlates in a sample of sexual and gender minority (SGM) adolescents assigned male at birth.

Methods: One-way ANOVA, multivariate linear regression, and correlation analyses were conducted to examine correlates of cigarettes/ENDs use on 159 SGM adolescent users, ages 15-18.

Results: Fifty-three percent of the sample used cigarettes/ENDs, with differences based on sexual orientation: bisexual, pansexual, and queer adolescents used ENDs more than gay adolescents.