Short-term exposure to low doses of aflatoxin B1 aggravates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by TLR4-mediated necroptosis.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a worldwide mycotoxin found in food and foodstuffs, is a potent hepatotoxin in humans and animals. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a widespread disease, could progress from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatic cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To date, little is known concerning the relationship between AFB1 and the progression of NAFLD.

The role of JAK2/STAT3 pathway in non-cytotoxic concentrations of DON-induced aggravation of inflammatory response in IL-10 deficient RAW264.7 cells.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) as a mycotoxin was commonly found in food and cereals which can affect immune function and inflammatory response. The majority of foods contain DON at levels below the official limit. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of non-cytotoxic concentration of DON on inflammation and its mechanisms using the IL-10 gene-silenced RAW264.

Farnesoid X Receptor Plays a Key Role in Ochratoxin A-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Targeting Ferroptosis In Vivo and In Vitro.

The mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) causes nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and immunotoxicity in animals and humans. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a member of the NR family and is highly expressed in the kidney, which has an antilipid production function. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death involved in several pathophysiological cell death and kidney injury.