Use of perioperative ureteral stent in abdominal aortic aneurysm with retroperitoneal fibrosis - A report of two cases -.

Retroperitoneal fibrosis is associated with fibroblast proliferation due to inflammatory changes in adipose/fibrous tissue. Given that aortic dilation in abdominal aortic aneurysm can cause compression of the ureter, abdominal aortic aneurysm complicated by retroperitoneal fibrosis is likely to result in urinary tract obstruction. Accordingly, close attention to changes in perioperative urine volume is warranted when operating on patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm complicated by retroperitoneal fibrosis.

Remifentanil and glucose suppress inflammation in a rat model of surgical stress.

Purpose: Postoperative stress produces an inflammatory response. Recent studies have shown that narcotic analgesics suppress the immune system. Nutritional management during perioperative care has also been reported to affect inflammation.

Anti-inflammatory effects of perioperative intensive insulin therapy during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.

Purpose: Recent studies have reported that controlling blood glucose with insulin can suppress systemic inflammation. In the present study, we evaluated how perioperative intensive insulin therapy (IIT) influences the inflammatory response in an artificial pancreas during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.

Methods: We randomly divided the patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass into two groups: an IIT group (n = 13) and a conventional treatment (CT) group (n = 12).

Catecholamine-resistant shock and hypoglycemic coma after cardiotomy in a patient with unexpected isolated ACTH deficiency.

Isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency is an extremely rare disease in which ACTH-producing cells of the pituitary gland are selectively damaged. The resulting decline in ACTH production and secretion results in chronic secondary adrenocortical insufficiency. The patient in this case did not present with adrenal insufficiency symptoms prior to surgery.

Human atrial natriuretic peptide attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in the intensive care unit, and one of its primary causes is renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) exerts various pharmacologic effects, including renal protection. In the present study, we evaluated the renal protective effect of hANP in a rat model of renal I/R.

Total parenteral-nutrition-mediated dendritic-cell activation and infiltration into the small intestine in a rat model.

Purpose: Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is commonly carried out in the clinical setting. However, effects of TPN on the immune system, including dendritic cells (DC), are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to determine whether TPN affects DC activation and infiltration into the intestinal barrier.

Age-dependent responses to renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Background: The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the elderly population has steadily increased in recent years. Functional recovery after AKI is also impaired in the elderly; however, the mechanism underlying these age-related differences is not well understood. In the present study, we assessed kidney morphology, function, and oxidative stress in young and aged rats after renal ischemia and reperfusion.

Cepharanthine improves renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

Background: Acute renal damage has numerous causes, including renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Due to its diverse actions, cepharanthine is used to treat many acute and chronic diseases, including pit viper bites, alopecia areata, and leucopenia in radiation therapy. In this study, we examined whether cepharanthine provides a renal-protective effect in a renal ischemia-reperfusion model.

Cepharanthine exerts anti-inflammatory effects via NF-κB inhibition in a LPS-induced rat model of systemic inflammation.

Background: Systemic inflammatory response syndromes involving sepsis continue to have extremely high mortality rates. Inflammation is difficult to control when it spreads throughout the body and often progresses into multiple organ dysfunction, eventually leading to death. Cepharanthine (CE) is a plant alkaloid that possesses bioactive properties, with various known actions.

The effect of landiolol on cerebral blood flow in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery.

Purpose: To examine the effect of landiolol on cerebral blood flow in patients with normal or deteriorated cardiac function.

Methods: Thirty adult patients who were diagnosed with angina pectoris and who underwent elective off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery were studied. Patients were divided into two groups, one with a preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) of 50% or higher (normal EF group; n = 15) and the other with an EF of less than 50% (low EF group; n = 15).

[Anesthesia management of geriatric patients with arterial pressure-based cardiac output monitoring FloTrac sensor for emergency surgery].

In cases of emergency surgery for geriatric patients, immediate anesthesia induction and careful intraoperative management is necessary without sufficient preoperative information. We report anesthesia management of a 96-year and a 90-year old patients with FloTrac sensor which is an arterial pressure-based cardiac output monitoring device and is able to manage critical patients effectively and safely during anesthesia.

[Landiolol does not affect bispectral index scale in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery in patients under fast-track cardiac anesthesia].

Background: We evaluated the effect of landiolol, a novel ultra-short-acting receptor-selective blocker, on bispectral index scale (BIS).

Methods: Ten patients scheduled for off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery under fast-track cardiac anesthesia were analyzed. Anesthesia was maintained with appropriate additional administration of fentanyl (total dose: 10-15 microg x kg(-1)) and vecuronium under inhalation of a mixture of oxygen, air and sevoflurane (less than 2%).

[Pneumothorax during retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy: a case report].

A 54-year-old female patient was scheduled for retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy. Anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with nitrous oxide/sevoflurane and epidural anesthesia. One hour after the start of the surgery, arterial oxygen saturation suddenly decreased from 99% to 94%.