Identify devices and events from non-IP heterogeneous IoT network traffic.

In recent years, notable advancements have been achieved in the realm of identifying IP-based Internet of Things (IoT) devices and events. Nevertheless, the majority of methods rely on extracting fingerprints or features from plain text IP-based packets, which limits their ability to accommodate heterogeneous IoT devices such as ZigBee and Z-Wave, and fails to address the challenge of limited traffic samples. To tackle these issues, we propose a novel approach based on IoT communication characteristics and featuring module extensibility.