Bioinformatics Analysis and Immunogenicity Assessment of the Novel Multi-Stage DNA Vaccine W541 Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.

Background: Vaccination is one of the effective measures to prevent latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) from developing into active tuberculosis (TB). Applying bioinformatics methods to pre-evaluate the biological characteristics and immunogenicity of vaccines can improve the efficiency of vaccine development.

Objectives: To evaluate the immunogenicity of TB vaccine W541 and to explore the application of bioinformatics technology in TB vaccine research.

Transcriptomics-based anti-tuberculous mechanism of traditional Chinese polyherbal preparation NiuBeiXiaoHe intermediates.

Background: Integrated traditional Chinese medicine and biomedicine is an effective method to treat tuberculosis (TB). In our previous research, traditional Chinese medicine preparation NiuBeiXiaoHe (NBXH) achieved obvious anti-TB effects in animal experiments and clinical practice. However, the action mechanism of NBXH has not been elucidated.

Dual-Prodrug-Based Hyaluronic Acid Nanoplatform Provides Cascade-Boosted Drug Delivery for Oxidative Stress-Enhanced Chemotherapy.

Insufficient drug accumulation in tumors severely limits the antitumor efficiency of hyaluronic acid (HA) nanomedicine in solid tumors due to superficial penetration depth, low cell uptake, and nonspecific drug release. Hence, we constructed a dual NO prodrug (alkynyl-JSK) and doxorubicin prodrug (-DOX)-conjugated HA nanoparticle (HA-DOX-JSK NPs), which achieved cascade-boosted drug delivery efficiency based on a relay strategy of NO-mediated deep tumor penetration─HA target CD44 tumor cell uptake─tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive drug release. The nanoparticle demonstrated sustained and locoregionally GSH/GST-triggered NO release and GSH/pH-responsive DOX release in the tumor.

Near Infrared-Triggered Nitric Oxide-Release Nanovesicles with Mild-Photothermal Antibacterial and Immunomodulation for Healing MRSA-Infected Diabetic Wounds.

Bacterial infection-induced excessive inflammation is a major obstacle in diabetic wound healing. Nitric oxide (NO) exhibits significant antibacterial activity but is extremely deficient in diabetes. Hence, a near-infrared (NIR)-triggered NO release system is constructed through codelivery of polyarginine (PArg) and gold nanorods (Au) in an NIR-activatable methylene blue (MB) polypeptide-assembled nanovesicle (Au/PEL-PBA-MB/PArg).

Local heating and Raman thermometry in a single molecule.

Because of the nonequilibrium nature of thermal effects at the nanoscale, the characterization of local thermal effects within a single molecule is highly challenging. Here, we demonstrate a way to characterize the local thermal properties of a single fullerene (C) molecule during current-induced heating processes through tip-enhanced anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy. Although the measured vibron populations are far from equilibrium with the environment, we can still define an "effective temperature ()" statistically via a Bose-Einstein distribution, suggesting a local equilibrium within the molecule.

Irisin inhibits neutrophil extracellular traps formation and protects against acute pancreatitis in mice.

Introduction: Irisin is a newly discovered myokine which links exercise to inflammation and inflammation-related diseases through macrophage regulation. However, the effect of irisin on the activity of inflammation related immune cells (such as neutrophils) has not been clearly described.

Objectives: The objective of our study was to explore the effect of irisin on the neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation.

AKBA alleviates experimental pancreatitis by inhibiting oxidative stress in Macrophages through the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory condition of the pancreas characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation in its pathophysiology. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) is an active triterpenoid with antioxidant activity. This article seeks to assess the impact of AKBA on AP and investigate its underlying mechanisms.

CD177 Inhibits Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation and Protects against Acute Pancreatitis in Mice.

The inflammatory immune response mediated by neutrophils is closely related to the progression of acute pancreatitis. Previous studies confirmed that CD177 is a neutrophil-specific marker involved in the pathogenesis of conditions such as systemic vasculitis, asthma, and polycythemia vera. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is a specific death program by which neutrophils release nuclear DNA covered with histones, granule proteins, etc.

Preventive effects of DNA vaccines on the mouse model with latent tuberculosis infection.

Background: About a quarter of the world's population with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are the main source of active tuberculosis. Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) cannot effectively control LTBI individuals from developing diseases. Latency-related antigens can induce T lymphocytes of LTBI individuals to produce higher IFN-γ levels than tuberculosis patients and normal subjects.

Prediction of the severity of acute pancreatitis using machine learning models.

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is the most common pancreatic disease. Predicting the severity of AP is critical for making preventive decisions. However, the performance of existing scoring systems in predicting AP severity was not satisfactory.

Long non-coding RNA SNHG16 silencing inhibits proliferation and inflammation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages by targeting miR-140-5p expression.

Objective: The study investigated the clinical diagnostic value of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 (SNHG16) and explored its underlying molecular mechanism through Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosiinfection of macrophages.

Methods: RT-qPCR analysis of the serum SNHG16 levels of the 66 healthy individuals, 67 latent TB (LTB) patients, and 67 active TB (ATB) patients.

Verapamil Regulates the Macrophage Immunity to through NF-κB Signaling.

Background: Verapamil enhances the sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs, promotes the macrophage anti-TB ability, and reduces drug resistance, but its mechanism is unclear. Herein, we have investigated the effect of verapamil on cytokine expression in mouse peritoneal macrophages.

Methods: Macrophages from mice infected with M.

Paeonol protects against acute pancreatitis by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization via the NLRP3 inflammasomes pathway.

The excessive inflammatory response mediated by macrophage is one of the key factors for the progress of acute pancreatitis (AP). Paeonol (Pae) was demonstrated to exert multiple anti-inflammatory effects. However, the role of Pae on AP is not clear.

The Research Progress in Immunotherapy of Tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious public health problem worldwide. The combination of various anti-TB drugs is mainly used to treat TB in clinical practice. Despite the availability of effective antibiotics, effective treatment regimens still require long-term use of multiple drugs, leading to toxicity, low patient compliance, and the development of drug resistance.

Probing Mechanistic Insights into Highly Efficient Lithium Storage of C Fullerene Enabled via Three-Electron-Redox Chemistry.

Renewable organic cathodes with abundant elements show promise for sustainable rechargeable batteries. Herein, for the first time, utilizing C fullerene as organic cathode for room-temperature lithium-ion battery is reported. The C  cathode shows robust electrochemical performance preferably in ether-based electrolyte.

Chinese Traditional Medicine NiuBeiXiaoHe (NBXH) Extracts Have the Function of Antituberculosis and Immune Recovery in BALB/c Mice.

Background: The Traditional Chinese Medicine NiuBeiXiaoHe (NBXH) is a valid antituberculosis (TB) prescription from the experience of clinical practice. However, the mechanism of NBXH extracts' immunotherapy has been poorly understood. Herein, the immunotherapeutic efficacy and the differentially expressed (DE) genes of NBXH extracts were evaluated and identified in BALB/c mice.

Solid-State Li-Ion Batteries Operating at Room Temperature Using New Borohydride Argyrodite Electrolytes.

Using a new class of (BH) substituted argyrodite LiPS(BH), ( = Cl, I) solid electrolyte, Li-metal solid-state batteries operating at room temperature have been developed. The cells were made by combining the modified argyrodite with an In-Li anode and two types of cathode: an oxide, LiO ( = ⅓ Ni, ⅓ Mn, ⅓ Co; so called NMC) and a titanium disulfide, TiS. The performance of the cells was evaluated through galvanostatic cycling and Alternating Current AC electrochemical impedance measurements.

Correlations between stacked structures and weak itinerant magnetic properties of LaYNicompounds.

Hexagonal LaNiand rhombohedral YNiare weak itinerant antiferromagnet (wAFM) and ferromagnet (wFM), respectively. To follow the evolution between these two compounds, the crystal structure and magnetic properties ofintermetallic compounds (= La, Y,= Ni) have been investigated combining x-ray powder diffraction and magnetic measurements. The LaYNiintermetallic compounds with 0 ⩽⩽ 1 crystallize in the hexagonal CeNi-type structure with Y preferentially located in the [] units.

Effects of Mycobacterium vaccae vaccine in a mouse model of tuberculosis: protective action and differentially expressed genes.

Background: Tuberculosis is a leading cause of death worldwide. BCG is an effective vaccine, but not widely used in many parts of the world due to a variety of issues. Mycobacterium vaccae (M.

Pseudo-ternary LiBH·LiCl·PS system as structurally disordered bulk electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium batteries.

The properties of the mixed system LiBH-LiCl-PS are studied with respect to all-solid-state batteries. The studied material undergoes an amorphization upon heating above 60 °C, accompanied with increased Li conductivity beneficial for battery electrolyte applications. The measured ionic conductivity is ∼10 S cm at room temperature with an activation energy of 0.

Mannose-binding lectin 2 gene polymorphisms and their association with tuberculosis in a Chinese population.

Background: Immune- and inflammation-related genes (IIRGs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis (TB). However, the relationship between IIRG polymorphisms and TB risk remains unknown. In this study, the gene polymorphisms and their association with tuberculosis were determined in a Chinese population.

Metabolites from Two Dominant Thermophilic Fungal Species Thermomyces lanuginosus and Scytalidium thermophilum.

Thermomyces lanuginosus and Scytalidium thermophilum are among the most ubiquitous thermophilic fungi in compost and soil. Chemical study on these two prevalent strains collected from Yunnan led to isolation of 23 metabolites, including one new metabolite, therlanubutanolide, and 15 known compounds, isolated from the YGP culture broth of Thermomyces lanuginosus and 7 known compounds isolated from Scytalidium thermophilum, respectively. Therlanubutanolide shared the quite similar features of the same carbon skeleton and saturation as natural hexadecanoic acids.

C(OH) and Its Nanocomposite for High-Performance Lithium Storage.

Organic carbon materials, such as graphene and nanotubes, with a high specific capacity show promise in improving the energy density for lithium ion batteries (LiBs). Here, we report on the synthesis and characterization of C(OH) and the C(OH)/graphene oxide (GO) composite and demonstrate their use as anode materials in LiBs. We find that the C(OH)/GO composite forms due to the chemical reactions between the carboxyl and epoxy groups of GO and the hydroxyl of C(OH) nanoparticles and that C(OH) uniformly grows on the surface of GO nanosheets.

Bimetallic Cu-Rh Nanoparticles on Diazonium-Modified Carbon Powders for the Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrates.

4-Benzenethiol-functionalized high-surface-area graphite powder was prepared and decorated with bimetallic CuRh nanoparticles (NPs) to serve as electrocatalysts for the reduction of nitrates. In the first step, the HSAG powder was grafted with in-situ-generated diazonium compounds from 4-aminothiophenol (ATP) in an acidic medium using NaNO for the diazotization process. The surface composition was tuned using different initial quantities of ATP.