The Impact of Different Uses of the Internet on Farmers' Adoption of Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization Technology in Rural China.

Soil testing and formulated fertilization technology can effectively solve the problem of the excessive and inefficient use of chemical fertilizers. Previous studies have found that the use of the Internet can increase the adoption of soil testing and formulated fertilization technology among farmers. However, they do not distinguish between the effects of the different uses of the Internet (with or without productive use) on the adoption of soil testing and formulated fertilization technology.

Venous Blood-Based Biomarkers in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study: Rationale, Design, and Results From the 2015 Wave.

Blood biomarkers provide critical information about the health of older populations, especially in large developing countries where self-reports of health are often inaccurate due to lack of access to health care. However, it is very difficult to collect blood samples in representative population surveys in such countries. The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a nationally representative study of middle-aged and older Chinese, represents one of the first efforts to include blood biomarkers in a nationally representative survey of China.

Accuracy of rural refractionists in western China.

Purpose: We assessed the prevalence and predictors of inaccurate refractive error among rural refractionists in western China.

Methods: A subset of primary school children with visual acuity (VA) ≤6/12 in ≥1 eye, undergoing subjective refinement by local refractionists after cycloplegic autorefraction in an ongoing population-based study, received repeat refraction by university optometrists for quality control.

Results: Among 502 children (mean age 10.