AI-driven robotic chemist for autonomous synthesis of organic molecules.

The automation of organic compound synthesis is pivotal for expediting the development of such compounds. In addition, enhancing development efficiency can be achieved by incorporating autonomous functions alongside automation. To achieve this, we developed an autonomous synthesis robot that harnesses the power of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotic technology to establish optimal synthetic recipes.

Amorphous BN-Based Synaptic Device with High Performance in Neuromorphic Computing.

The von Neumann architecture has faced challenges requiring high-fulfillment levels due to the performance gap between its processor and memory. Among the numerous resistive-switching random-access memories, the properties of hexagonal boron nitride (BN) have been extensively reported, but those of amorphous BN have been insufficiently explored for memory applications. Herein, we fabricated a Pt/BN/TiN device utilizing the resistive switching mechanism to achieve synaptic characteristics in a neuromorphic system.

Improved Uniformity of TaO-Based Resistive Switching Memory Device by Inserting Thin SiO Layer for Neuromorphic System.

RRAM devices operating based on the creation of conductive filaments via the migration of oxygen vacancies are widely studied as promising candidates for next-generation memory devices due to their superior memory characteristics. However, the issues of variation in the resistance state and operating voltage remain key issues that must be addressed. In this study, we propose a TaO/SiO bilayer device, where the inserted SiO layer localizes the conductive path, improving uniformity during cycle-to-cycle endurance and retention.

An assistance approach for a powered knee exoskeleton during level walking and the effects on metabolic cost.

In this paper, we propose a walking assistance method based on intrinsic gait events for level walking in a powered knee exoskeleton. The proposed method utilizes three gait events in order to determine the timing of initiation and termination for assistance torque profiles. This method plans uni-directional torque profiles for each flexion and extension movement for the next step and executes them in a feedfor-ward manner.

Natural gait event-based level walking assistance with a robotic hip exoskeleton.

In this paper, we present an assistance strategy for level walking by using a robotic hip exoskeleton. Our strategy utilizes a foot contact event estimated by an inertial measurement unit (IMU) on the pelvis. The gait cycle is composed of three phases.

A wearable hip-assist robot reduces the cardiopulmonary metabolic energy expenditure during stair ascent in elderly adults: a pilot cross-sectional study.

Background: Stair ascent is one of the most important and challenging activities of daily living to maintain mobility and independence in elderly adults. Recently, various types of wearable walking assist robots have been developed to improve gait function and metabolic efficiency for elderly adults. Several studies have shown that walking assist robots can improve cardiopulmonary metabolic efficiency during level walking in elderly.

Assessing amblyopia treatment using multifocal visual evoked potentials.

Background: To evaluate the effect of occlusion treatment for anisometropic amblyopia using multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEPs).

Methods: The patients for this study comprised 19 patients (mean age 6.05 ± 1.

Effects of assistance timing on metabolic cost, assistance power, and gait parameters for a hip-type exoskeleton.

There are many important factors in developing an exoskeleton for assisting human locomotion. For example, the weight should be sufficiently light, the assist torque should be high enough to assist joint motion, and the assistance timing should be just right. Understanding how these design parameters affect overall performance of a complex human-machine system is critical for the development of these types of systems.

Carboxymethyl chitosan-modified magnetic-cored dendrimer as an amphoteric adsorbent.

Carboxymethyl chitosan-modified magnetic-cored dendrimers (CCMDs) were successfully synthesized in a three step method. The synthesized samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, thermogravimetry analysis, zeta potential analyzer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, surface area analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The CCMD exhibited selective adsorption for anionic and cationic compounds at specific pH conditions.

Surgical strategies for removal of intra- and extraforaminal dumbbell-shaped schwannomas in the subaxial cervical spine.

Purpose: Spinal dumbbell-shaped schwannoma is common neoplasm, usually occurring in the cervical spine. Posterior or anterolateral approaches are frequently used to remove this benign tumor. We analyzed how much amount of tumor could be possible to be totally removed with posterior approach.

Iron oxide nanotube layer fabricated with electrostatic anodization for heterogeneous Fenton like reaction.

Iron oxide nanotubes (INT) were fabricated with potentiostatic anodization of zero valent iron foil in 1M Na2SO4 containing 0.5wt% NH4F electrolyte, holding the potential at 20, 40, and 60V for 20min, respectively. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry were used to evaluate the morphology and crystalline structure of the INT film.

Progression of lumbar spinal stenosis is influenced by polymorphism of thrombospondin 2 gene in the Korean population.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the contribution of thrombospondin 2 (THBS2) polymorphisms to the development and progression of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) in the Korean population.

Methods: We studied 148 symptomatic patients with radiographically proven LSS and 157 volunteers with no history of back problems from our institution. Magnetic resonance images were obtained for all the patients and controls.

Nano zero-valent iron impregnated on titanium dioxide nanotube array film for both oxidation and reduction of methyl orange.

Here, we demonstrated that nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) impregnated onto self-organized TiO(2) nanotube thin films exhibits both oxidation and reduction capacities in addition to the possible electron transfer from TiO(2) to nZVI. The TiO(2) nanotubes were synthesized by anodization of titanium foil in a two-electrode system. Amorphous TiO(2) (amTiO(2)) nanotubes were annealed at 450 °C for 1 h to produce crystalline TiO(2) (crTiO(2)) nanotubes.

Clinical Outcomes and Radiologic Changes After Microsurgical Bilateral Decompression by a Unilateral Approach in Patients With Lumbar Spinal Stenosis and Grade I Degenerative Spondylolisthesis With a Minimum 3-Year Follow-Up.

Study Design: A retrospective study.

Objective: To analyze the clinical outcomes and radiologic changes after microsurgical bilateral decompression via a unilateral approach in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS).

Summary Of Background Data: Satisfactory short-term results have been observed after minimally invasive decompressive procedures, but intermediate-term and long-term outcomes have not been assessed.

Fabrication of zero valent iron (ZVI) nanotube film via potentiostatic anodization and electroreduction.

Zero valent iron has been successfully used for the degradation of a wide range of contaminants. However, this reaction of using ZVI particle produces a large quantity of iron sludge. To solve the problem, we report the synthesis of self-organized nanoporous zero valent iron film treated with anodization and electro-reduction of iron foil.