Cell elongation and altered phytohormone levels play a role in establishing distyly in Averrhoa carambola.

The flowers of distylous plants exhibit two distinct morphologies that facilitate precise pollen transfer. Averrhoa carambola, a woody plant characterized by distyly, has an unclear molecular regulatory mechanism underlying this trait. Its prolonged flowering period and substantial flower production render it an excellent model for investigating the distylous syndrome.

Comprehensive characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the complete plastomes of two ant-orchids, Caularthron bicornutum and Myrmecophila thomsoniana.

Background: Myrmecophytes, characterized by specialized structures like hollow stems that facilitate mutualistic relationships with ants, serve as an important system for studying ant-plant interactions and the adaptation mechanisms. Caularthron and Myrmecophila are exemplary myrmecophytes within Orchidaceae. Previous studies suggested a genetic relationship between these two genera, placing them within Laeliinae (Epidendreae), yet the precise phylogenetic positioning remained uncertain.

Developmental Morphology, Physiology, and Molecular Basis of the Pentagram Fruit of .

, a key tropical and subtropical economic tree in the Oxalidaceae family, is distinguished by its unique pentagram-shaped fruit. This study investigates the developmental processes shaping the polarity of fruit and their underlying hormonal and genetic mechanisms. By analyzing the Y1, Y2, and Y3 developmental stages-defined by the fruit diameters of 3-4 mm, 4-6 mm, and 6-12 mm, respectively-we observed that both cell number and cell size contribute to fruit development.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of (Isoetaceae).

is a diploid species of Isoetaceae distributed in low altitude area, its megaspore ornamentation is similar to tetraploid species . We collected leaf material of and sequenced it for low depth whole genome sequence, then, a complete chloroplast genome of was assembled and annotated. This chloroplast genome has a circular structure of 145,494 bp in length with a GC content of 38.

Phylogenomics and biogeographical diversification of Collabieae (Orchidaceae) and its implication in the reconstruction of the dynamic history of Asian evergreen broadleaved forests.

The tribe Collabieae (Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae) comprises approximately 500 species. Generic delimitation within Collabieae are confusing and phylogenetic interrelationships within the Collabieae have not been well resolved. Plastid genomes and nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences were used to estimate the phylogenetic relationships, ancestral ranges, and diversification rates of Collabieae.

Organelle Genomes of Provide Insight into the Evolution of Mycoheterotrophic Orchids.

, commonly known as one of the ghost orchids due to its rarity and almost transparent color, is a non-photosynthetic and fully mycoheterotrophic plant. Given its special nutritional strategies and evolutionary significance, the mitogenome was first characterized, and three plastomes sampled from Asia were assembled. The plastomes were found to be the smallest among Orchidaceae, with lengths ranging from 18,339 to 19,047 bp, and exhibited high sequence variety.

Nuclear phylogeny and insights into whole-genome duplications and reproductive development of Solanaceae plants.

Solanaceae, the nightshade family, have ∼2700 species, including the important crops potato and tomato, ornamentals, and medicinal plants. Several sequenced Solanaceae genomes show evidence for whole-genome duplication (WGD), providing an excellent opportunity to investigate WGD and its impacts. Here, we generated 93 transcriptomes/genomes and combined them with 87 public datasets, for a total of 180 Solanaceae species representing all four subfamilies and 14 of 15 tribes.

Genomes of leafy and leafless Platanthera orchids illuminate the evolution of mycoheterotrophy.

To improve our understanding of the origin and evolution of mycoheterotrophic plants, we here present the chromosome-scale genome assemblies of two sibling orchid species: partially mycoheterotrophic Platanthera zijinensis and holomycoheterotrophic Platanthera guangdongensis. Comparative analysis shows that mycoheterotrophy is associated with increased substitution rates and gene loss, and the deletion of most photoreceptor genes and auxin transporter genes might be linked to the unique phenotypes of fully mycoheterotrophic orchids. Conversely, trehalase genes that catalyse the conversion of trehalose into glucose have expanded in most sequenced orchids, in line with the fact that the germination of orchid non-endosperm seeds needs carbohydrates from fungi during the protocorm stage.

Integration of the metabolome and transcriptome reveals indigo biosynthesis in flowers under freezing treatment.

Background: Indigo-containing plant tissues change blue after a freezing treatment, which is accompanied by changes in indigo and its related compounds. is one of the few monocot plants containing indigo. The change to blue after freezing was described to explore the biosynthesis of indigo in .

Two new bibenzyls from (Rolfe) Rolfe and their antioxidant activity.

Two new bibenzyls ( and ) were isolated from the pseudobulbs of (Rolfe) Rolfe along with six known compounds, including isoarundinin I (), isoarundinin II (), bulbocodin D (), batatasin III (), 5,3'-dihydroxy- 4-(-hydroxybenzyl)-3-methoxybibenzyl () and shancigusin F (). Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic methods. These compounds showed potent DPPH free radical scavenging effects with IC values ranging from 49.

Genome-wide identification and expression profile of YABBY genes in .

Background: Members of the plant-specific YABBY gene family are thought to play an important role in the development of leaf, flower, and fruit. The YABBY genes have been characterized and regarded as vital contributors to fruit development in and tomato, in contrast to that in the important tropical economic fruit star fruit (), even though its genome is available.

Methods: In the present study, a total of eight YABBY family genes (named from to ) were identified from the genome of star fruit, and their phylogenetic relationships, functional domains and motif compositions, physicochemical properties, chromosome locations, gene structures, protomer elements, collinear analysis, selective pressure, and expression profiles were further analyzed.

Phylogenetic incongruence in orchids.

, which includes approximately 80 species, is one of the most ornamental and cultivated orchid genera. However, a lack of markers and sparse sampling have posed great challenges to resolving the phylogenetic relationships within the genus. In the present study, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships by utilizing one nuclear DNA (nrITS) and seven plastid genes (, , , , , , and ) from 70 species (varieties) in .

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiles of Genes in L.

The gene family plays roles in biotic and abiotic stress, secondary metabolism, and other aspects in plants. They have been reported in , , , and other plants, but their roles in have not been determined. In this study, we analyzed the genome-wide identification and expression profile of the gene family in .

The Melastoma dodecandrum genome and the evolution of Myrtales.

Melastomataceae has abundant morphological diversity with high economic and ornamental merit in Myrtales. The phylogenetic position of Myrtales is still contested. Here, we report the chromosome-level genome assembly of Melastoma dodecandrum in Melastomataceae.

Phylogenetic estimation and morphological evolution of Alsineae (Caryophyllaceae) shed new insight into the taxonomic status of the genus .

is a monotypic genus in Caryophyllaceae endemic to China. The genus has been widely accepted since it was described in 1998, however its phylogenetic position within Caryophyllaceae has never been studied. In the present study, the whole plastid genome and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of was obtained through genome skimming, and the phylogenetic position of the species was studied for the first time.

Comparative analysis of plastomes in Oxalidaceae: Phylogenetic relationships and potential molecular markers.

The wood sorrel family, Oxalidaceae, is mainly composed of annual or perennial herbs, a few shrubs, and trees distributed from temperate to tropical zones. Members of Oxalidaceae are of high medicinal, ornamental, and economic value. Despite the rich diversity and value of Oxalidaceae, few molecular markers or plastomes are available for phylogenetic analysis of the family.

Plastome structure and adaptive evolution of s.l. species.

s.l. is the most diverse group in the tribe Collabieae (Orchidaceae), which are pantropical in distribution.