Fluctuating Spinodal-like Structure in the Glacial Phase of d-Mannitol.

The glacial phase can be formed from supercooled liquid (SCL) in certain systems, which is called liquid-liquid transition (LLT). Revealing the nature of the glacial phase especially in a single-component system is crucial for understanding the LLT process. Here, by using flash differential scanning calorimetry and cold-field transmission electron microscopy, the structure of the d-mannitol glacial phase and the phase transition kinetics between the glacial phase and SCL were studied.

Variations of chloride depletion and its impacts on ozone formation: Case study of a coastal area in Shanghai.

Chlorine plays a critical role in atmospheric chemistry. Marine chloride depletion, as a significant source of atmospheric chlorine, impacts coastal acid deposition, atmospheric oxidizing capacity, and global climate. Based on continuous monitoring data of PM water soluble ions, criteria pollutants, and meteorological data at Chongming Dongtan supersite from 2019 to 2022, variations in chloride depletion and related impact factors were analyzed.

High-throughput development of tough metallic glass films.

Fast development of metallic glass films with high toughness has been a long-sought goal of humankind in view of their superior properties and great potential for application in the field of soft electronics. However, until now, there has been no effective experimental strategy because of the lack of suitable and precise toughness measurement technology. In the present work, we introduced a feasible route for developing tough metallic glass films using combinatorial material library preparation and high-throughput toughness measurement nanoindentation.

High-level HONO exacerbates double high pollution of O and PM in China.

Double high pollution (DHP) of ozone (O) and fine particulate matter (PM) has frequently been observed in China in recent years. Numerous studies have speculated that DHP might be related to nitrous acid (HONO), but the chemical mechanism involved remains unclear. Field observation results of DHP in Shanghai indicate that the high concentration of HONO produced by nitrogen dioxide (NO) heterogeneous reactions under conditions of high temperature and high humidity promotes an increase in PM and O concentrations.

Integrated transcriptome and proteome analysis provides insights into CpFPA1 for floral induction in Chimonanthus praecox (Magnoliidae) without FLC in genome.

We used transcriptomic and proteomic association analysis to reveal the critical genes/proteins at three key flower bud differentiation stages and overexpression of CpFPA1 in Arabidopsis resulted in earlier flowering. Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox), a rare winter-flowering woody plant, is well known for its unique blooming time, fragrance and long flowering period. However, the molecular mechanism of flowering in C.

High organic aerosol in the low layer over a rural site in the North China Plain (NCP): Observations based on large tethered balloon.

High mass concentration of organic aerosol (OA) and its fraction in PM (particle matter with radius <2.5 μm) were observed in the low layer over a rural site of the North China Plain (NCP) in winter 2018. The mass fraction of OA in PM was 65.

Strain-driven Kovacs-like memory effect in glasses.

Studying complex relaxation behaviors is of critical importance for understanding the nature of glasses. Here we report a Kovacs-like memory effect in glasses, manifested by non-monotonic stress relaxation during two-step high-to-low strains stimulations. During the stress relaxation process, if the strain jumps from a higher state to a lower state, the stress does not continue to decrease, but increases first and then decreases.

A novel calibration method for continuous airborne metal measurements: Implications for aerosol source apportionment.

Continuous metal monitors have been widely used in environmental monitoring due to the high temporal resolution, high detection limit, and necessity for near real-time source apportionment. However, the reliability of the conventional calibration method, the deviation caused by uncalibrated monitoring data, and the subsequent impact on source identification results are rarely discussed. In this study, a reliable multi-point calibration approach by Primary Standard Aerosol Mass Concentration Calibration System (PAMAS) for the Xact625i Ambient Metals Monitor was developed and applied.

Effects of VOC emissions from chemical industrial parks on regional O-PM compound pollution in the Yangtze River Delta.

Ozone (O) and fine particulate matter (PM) compound pollution has emerged as a primary form of air pollution in Chinese urban. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), as common precursors of O and PM, play a significant role in air pollution control. Chemical industrial parks (CIPs) are crucial emission sources of VOCs and have garnered significant attention.

Detecting the exponential relaxation spectrum in glasses by high-precision nanocalorimetry.

Nonexponential relaxations are universal characteristics for glassy materials. There is a well-known hypothesis that nonexponential relaxation peaks are composed of a series of exponential events, which have not been verified. In this Letter, we discover the exponential relaxation events during the recovery process using a high-precision nanocalorimetry, which are universal for metallic glasses and organic glasses.

Relationship between light absorption properties of black carbon and aerosol origin at a background coastal site.

As a potent climate forcer, black carbon (BC) optical properties can have significant impacts on the regional meteorology and climate. To unveil the seasonal differences of BC and its contribution by various emission sources, a one-year continuous monitoring of atmospheric aerosols was conducted at a background coastal site in Eastern China. By comparing the seasonal and diurnal patterns between BC and elemental carbon, we observed that BC were evidently aged with varying extents among all four seasons.

Genome-wide analysis of MIKC-type MADS-box genes and roles of CpFUL/SEP/AGL6 superclade in dormancy breaking and bud formation of Chimonanthus praecox.

Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox), a Magnoliidae tree, is popular for its unique fragrant aroma and winter-flowering characteristics, which is widely used in gardens and pots, or for cut flowers, essential oil, medicine, and edible products. MIKC-type of MADS-box gene family play a crucial role in plant growth and development process, particularly in controlling flowering time and floral organ development. Although MIKC-type genes have been well studied in many plant species, the study of MIKC-type is poorly in C.

Hourly Ultrafine Particle Exposure and Acute Myocardial Infarction Onset: An Individual-Level Case-Crossover Study in Shanghai, China, 2015-2020.

Associations between ultrafine particles (UFPs) and hourly onset of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have rarely been investigated. We aimed to evaluate the impacts of UFPs on AMI onset and the lag patterns. A time-stratified case-crossover study was performed among 20,867 AMI patients from 46 hospitals in Shanghai, China, between January 2015 and December 2020.

Increased contribution to PM from traffic-influenced road dust in Shanghai over recent years and predictable future.

Traffic contributes to fine particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere through engine exhaust emissions and road dust generation. However, the evolution of traffic related PM emission over recent years remains unclear, especially when various efforts to reduce emission e.g.

Response of PM-bound elemental species to emission variations and associated health risk assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic in a coastal megacity.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is disrupting the world from many aspects. In this study, the impact of emission variations on PM-bound elemental species and health risks associated to inhalation exposure has been analyzed based on real-time measurements at a remote coastal site in Shanghai during the pandemic. Most trace elemental species decreased significantly and displayed almost no diel peaks during the lockdown.

Key Role of Lorentz Excitation in the Electromagnetic-Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Alternating magnetic fields (AMFs) are recently demonstrated as a promising strategy to promote the electrochemical catalytic reactions. However, the underlying mechanisms are still an open question. In this work, we systematically investigated the influence of AMFs on the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by using a Fe-Co-Ni-P-B magnetic catalyst.

Characteristics of aerosol chemistry and acidity in Shanghai after PM satisfied national guideline: Insight into future emission control.

With continuous endeavors to control air pollutant emissions, the average concentration of PM in Shanghai in 2019-2020 satisfied the national secondary standard (35 μg m) for the first time. In this study, the two-year dataset of hourly resolution PM compositions observed in downtown Shanghai was used to investigate the relative contribution of sulfate and nitrate as well as particulate acidity. The average concentration of SO was reduced to 7.

Quantifying Concentration Fluctuations in Binary Glass-Forming Systems by Small- and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering.

Functionality of amorphous multicomponent systems largely depends upon the miscibility among components, especially in systems such as amorphous drugs and electrolytes. An in-depth understanding of mixing behaviors of various constituents is necessitated. Here, we applied the small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SWAXS) technique to monitor the mixing behaviors in three typical glass-forming binary systems imposed by varied heat of mixing.

Effects of energy structure differences on chemical compositions and respiratory health of PM during late autumn and winter in China.

To understand the influence of the energy structure (including solid fuel and clean energy) on air pollution, two comprehensive measurement campaigns were conducted in Baoding and Shanghai in late autumn and winter during 2017-2018. The chemical compositions, driving factors, regional transport of pollutants, and potential respiratory disease (RD) health risks of PM for Baoding and Shanghai were analyzed. The results showed that the concentration of PM in Baoding (156.

Vertically-resolved sources and secondary formation of fine particles: A high resolution tethered mega-balloon study over Shanghai.

Numerous studies have focused on air pollution near the surface in China, yet we still have little knowledge on the characteristics, formation mechanisms, and sources of air pollutants aloft. Based on a tethered mega-balloon platform, the vertical profiles of PM, black carbon (BC), SO, O, and meteorological parameters were measured within the lower troposphere of 1000 m over Shanghai. One clean and slightly polluted period (CP) and one heavily polluted period (HP) with continuously measured profiles were compared.

Atmospheric characteristics and population exposure assessment of black carbon at a regional representative site in the Yangtze River Delta region, China based on the five-year monitoring.

To investigate the multi-year atmospheric characteristic and population exposure level of black carbon (BC) in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, China, about five years of ambient BC measurement was performed at Dianshan Lake (DSL) regional Supersite from February 2014 to February 2019. BC concentration at DSL was 1.39 ± 1.