The interplay between epigenomic and transcriptomic variation during ecotype divergence in stickleback.

Background: Populations colonizing contrasting environments are likely to undergo adaptive divergence and evolve ecotypes with locally adapted phenotypes. While diverse molecular mechanisms underlying ecotype divergence have been identified, less is known about their interplay and degree of divergence.

Results: Here we integrated epigenomic and transcriptomic data to explore the interactions among gene expression, alternative splicing, DNA methylation, and microRNA expression to gauge the extent to which patterns of divergence at the four molecular levels are aligned in a case of postglacial divergence between marine and freshwater ecotypes of nine-spined sticklebacks (Pungitius pungitius).

Bioinspired programmed antibiofilm strategies for accelerated wound healing via spatiotemporally controlled enzyme nanoreactors.

Biofilms, protected by their dense, self-produced matrix, pose a significant clinical challenge due to their antibiotic resistance, leading to persistent infections and delayed wound healing, particularly in diabetic patients. Tailored to the biofilm life cycle, a double-layered nanoreactor was developed for rapid and complete antibiofilm therapy. The inner layer, cross-linked with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH)/phosphate, dimeric indocyanine green (dICG), and bromothymol blue (BTB), shields glucose oxidase (GOx) and β-glucanase (β-DEX) from unfavorable environment.

Regulated Crystallization Through Intermolecular Interactions Bridging for Efficient Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells.

Tin halide perovskite (THP) has emerged as a promising lead-free material for high-performance solar cells, attracting significant attention for their potential use for energy conversion. However, the rapid crystallization of THP due to its high Lewis acidity and easy oxidation of Sn leads to poor morphology and rampant defects in the resulting perovskite films. These strongly hamper the advances in efficiency and stability in THP solar cells.

Designing High-Damping, Optically Clear Ionogels through Competitive Binding for Flexible and Impact-Resistant Applications.

Developing damping materials that are both optically transparent and mechanically robust, while offering broad frequency damping capacity, is a significant challenge─particularly for devices that require protection without compromising visual clarity. Conventional methods often either fail to maintain transparency or involve complex designs that are difficult to implement. Here, we present an ionogel system that integrates a physically cross-linked elastic copolymer network with a viscous ionic liquid.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of intensive care unit physicians towards the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome in China: a cross-sectional survey.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of intensive care unit (ICU) physicians in China towards acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted between September and November 2022.

Participants: A total of 497 ICU physicians participated, with 258 (51.

Investigation into the influence of mild hypothermia on regulating ferroptosis through the P53-SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway in sepsis-induced acute lung injury.

Background: Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (S-ALI) significantly contributes to unfavorable clinical outcomes. Emerging evidence suggests a novel role for ferroptosis in the pathophysiology of ALI, though the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Mild hypothermia (32-34 °C) has been shown to inhibit inflammatory responses, reduce oxidative stress, and regulate metabolic processes.

Causal association between cerebrospinal fluid metabolites and Parkinson's disease: A two-sample bidirectional mendelian randomization study.

Objective: Observational studies suggest CSF metabolites may be linked to Parkinson's disease (PD) onset, but causality is uncertain. This study uses a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization approach to investigate the causal relationship between CSF metabolites and PD.

Methods: Data on 338 CSF metabolites and PD-related traits were obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

Delocalized Nonbonding Orbitals of Thioxanthone in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons for Reduced Energy Gap and Narrowband Emission.

Chalcogen-containing carbonyls, specifically thioxanthone (TX), hold great potential in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). While the development of narrowband OLEDs with chalcogen-containing carbonyls remains challenging due to difficulties in achieving both high device efficiency and narrow emission spectra. Herein, via a strategic incorporation of the TX moiety, two orange-red narrowband emitters, 2TXBN and BNTXBN, are designed and synthesized for the first time.

Generation of polygonal non-diffracting beams via angular spectral phases.

In this study, an effective approach for generating polygonal non-diffracting beams (PNDBs) is demonstrated using optical caustics and cross-phases. The resulting structured light beams display a polygonal transverse structure and exhibit a significant intensity gradient and phase gradient. Diverse PNDBs can be generated by flexibly controlling the exponent factor of the cross-phases.

Moderate Hypothermia Alleviates Sepsis-Associated Acute Lung Injury by Suppressing Ferroptosis Induced by Excessive Inflammation and Oxidative Stress via the Keap1/GSK3β/Nrf2/GPX4 Signaling Pathway.

Purpose: Sepsis-associated acute lung injury (SA-ALI) is a common complication in patients with sepsis, contributing to high morbidity and mortality. Excessive inflammation and oxidative stress are crucial contributors to lung injury in sepsis. This study aims to examine the protective effects of moderate hypothermia on SA-ALI and explore the underlying mechanisms.

Enzyme-mediated multifunctional self-healing lysozyme hydrogel for synergistic treatment of chronic diabetic wounds.

Self-healing hydrogels have attracted significant attention in chronic diabetic wound healing due to their potential to minimize the risk of secondary infections caused by joint movement or dressing rupture. Herein, a multifunctional self-healing hydrogel mediated utilizing an enzyme-triggered cascade reaction based on dynamic imine bonds was designed. The hydrogel employs three enzymes: lysozyme (LYZ), glucose oxidase (GOx), and catalase (CAT), as building blocks.

Coherent growth of high-Miller-index facets enhances perovskite solar cells.

Obtaining micron-thick perovskite films of high quality is key to realizing efficient and stable positive (p)-intrinsic (i)-negative (n) perovskite solar cells, but it remains a challenge. Here we report an effective method for producing high-quality, micron-thick formamidinium-based perovskite films by forming coherent grain boundaries, in which high-Miller-index-oriented grains grow on the low-Miller-index-oriented grains in a stabilized atmosphere. The resulting micron-thick perovskite films, with enhanced grain boundaries and grains, showed stable material properties and outstanding optoelectronic performances.

Identification of Immune-Related Genes as Potential Biomarkers in Early Septic Shock.

Introduction: Septic shock, a severe manifestation of infection-induced systemic immune response, poses a critical threat resulting in life-threatening multi-organ failure. Early diagnosis and intervention are imperative due to the potential for irreversible organ damage. However, specific and sensitive detection tools for the diagnosis of septic shock are still lacking.

Interfacially Self-Assembled Mutifunctional Protein Thin Films for Accelerated Wound Healing.

The design of mutifunctional protein films for large-area spatially ordered arrays of functional components holds great promise in the field of biomedical applications. Herein, interfacial electrostatic self-assembly was employed to construct a large-scale protein thin film by inducing electrostatic interactions between three bovine serum albumin (BSA)-coated nanoclusters and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), leading to their spontaneous organization and uniform distribution at the oil-water interface. This protein film demonstrated excellent multienzyme functions, high antibacterial activity, and pH-responsive drug release capability.

Alternative splicing in parallel evolution and the evolutionary potential in sticklebacks.

Repeatability of adaptation to similar environments provides opportunity to evaluate the predictability of natural selection. While many studies have investigated gene expression differences between populations adapted to contrasting environments, the role of post-transcriptional processes such as alternative splicing has rarely been evaluated in the context of parallel adaptation. To address the aforementioned knowledge gap, we reanalysed transcriptomic data from three pairs of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) ecotypes adapted to marine or freshwater environment.

Generation for high-dimensional caustics and artificially tailored structured caustic beams.

We theoretically propose and demonstrate topological parabolic umbilic beams (PUBs) with high-dimensional caustic by mapping catastrophe theory into optics. The PUBs are first experimentally observed via dimensionality reduction. Due to the high-dimensionality, such light beams exhibit rich caustic structures characterized by optical singularities where the high-intensity gradient appears.

1-Methyltryptophan treatment ameliorates high-fat diet-induced depression in mice through reversing changes in perineuronal nets.

Depression and obesity are prevalent disorders with significant public health implications. In this study, we used a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model to investigate the mechanism underlying HFD-induced depression-like behaviors. HFD-induced obese mice exhibited depression-like behaviors and a reduction in hippocampus volume, which were reversed by treatment with an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor 1-methyltryptophan (1-MT).

GENETIC PREDICTION OF CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN OSTEOPOROSIS AND SEPSIS: EVIDENCE FROM MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION WITH TWO-SAMPLE DESIGNS.

Background: Recent observational studies have suggested that osteoporosis may be a risk factor for sepsis. To mitigate confounding factors and establish the causal relationship between sepsis and osteoporosis, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis using publicly available summary statistics. Methods: Utilizing summary data from FinnGen Biobank, we employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to predict the causal relationship between osteoporosis and sepsis.

ADAMTS13 deficiency exacerbates neuroinflammation by targeting matrix metalloproteinase-9 in ischemic brain injury.

Our design aimed to explore the potential involvement of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the inflammatory response associated with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We also aimed to preliminarily examine the potential impact of a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type I repeats-13 (ADAMTS13) on MMP-9 in AIS. We conducted oxygen-glucose deprivation models of microglia cells and mice models of AIS with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).

Non-concordant epigenetic and transcriptional responses to acute thermal stress in western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis).

Climate change is intensifying the frequency and severity of extreme temperatures. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the ability to cope with acute thermal stress is key for predicting species' responses to extreme temperature events. While many studies have focused on the individual roles of gene expression, post-transcriptional processes and epigenetic modifications in response to acute thermal stress, the relative contribution of these molecular mechanisms remains unclear.