Safety on the Line: Examining the impacts of crosswalk design on Child's perceived Safety, cautious Behavior, and visual attention with VR Technology.

Although children are particularly vulnerable to accidents while crossing a street, knowledge about their specific perceptual and behavioral responses to crosswalk design and conditions is limited. By employing simulated virtual reality (VR) experiments, this study investigated how the environment of an unsignalized T-junction in a school zone influenced the perceived safety, crossing behaviors, and visual attention of 178 participants, consisting of younger (aged 8-10) and older children (aged 11-12) and their parents. Key findings from cross-classified multilevel, trajectory, and counterfactual analyses using Reproduced Virtual Experiment Data (CARVED) techniques for viewed scene comparisons are as follows.

Synthetic utility of ammonium salts in a Cu-catalyzed three-component reaction as a facile coupling partner.

Ammonium salts were found to be a convenient and inexpensive reagent in the Cu-catalyzed three-component reaction with terminal alkynes and sulfonyl or phosphoryl azides leading to N-unprotected amidines. Thus obtained amidines bearing 2-bromobenzenesulfonyl moiety were efficiently cyclized by the Cu-catalyzed intramolecular N-arylation to give an important pharmacophore skeleton of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides. Conveniently, two tandem catalytic procedures could be readily operated in one pot.

Hydrogen-bond-directed highly stereoselective synthesis of Z-enamides via Pd-catalyzed oxidative amidation of conjugated olefins.

An efficient procedure for the preparation of Z-enamides has been developed, involving the reaction of primary amides with conjugated olefins using a Pd/Cu cocatalyst system. It was found that certain additives, such as phosphine oxides and phosphonates, increase the efficiency of the reaction in nonpolar solvents under an oxygen atmosphere, thus producing a variety of Z-enamides in high yields with excellent stereoselectivity under Wacker-type conditions. The oxidative amidation reaction has a broad substrate scope, allowing alkyl, aryl, and vinyl amides to react with olefins conjugated with ester, amide, phosphonate, and ketone groups.

A case of persistent anemia in a renal transplant recipient: association with parvovirus B19 infection.

We report an unexplained anemia that persisted for 4 months in a renal transplant patient who was receiving immunosuppression therapy that included prednisolone, tacrolimus and azathioprine. A bone marrow biopsy demonstrated pure erythroid hypoplasia and occasional giant pronormoblasts with intranuclear inclusions, characteristic of a parvovirus B19 infection. Both the serum and bone marrow cells were positive by parvovirus B19 DNA PCR.