Neuroimaging biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with disorders of consciousness.

The progress in neuroimaging and electrophysiological techniques has shown substantial promise in improving the clinical assessment of disorders of consciousness (DOC). Through the examination of both stimulus-induced and spontaneous brain activity, numerous comprehensive investigations have explored variations in brain activity patterns among patients with DOC, yielding valuable insights for clinical diagnosis and prognostic purposes. Nonetheless, reaching a consensus on precise neuroimaging biomarkers for patients with DOC remains a challenge.

Neurobiological Underpinnings of Hyperarousal in Depression: A Comprehensive Review.

Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibit an abnormal physiological arousal pattern known as hyperarousal, which may contribute to their depressive symptoms. However, the neurobiological mechanisms linking this abnormal arousal to depressive symptoms are not yet fully understood. In this review, we summarize the physiological and neural features of arousal, and review the literature indicating abnormal arousal in depressed patients.

Brain State Relays Self-Processing and Heartbeat-Evoked Cortical Responses.

The self has been proposed to be grounded in interoceptive processing, with heartbeat-evoked cortical activity as a neurophysiological marker of this processing. However, inconsistent findings have been reported on the relationship between heartbeat-evoked cortical responses and self-processing (including exteroceptive- and mental-self-processing). In this review, we examine previous research on the association between self-processing and heartbeat-evoked cortical responses and highlight the divergent temporal-spatial characteristics and brain regions involved.

Identifying patients with cognitive motor dissociation using resting-state temporal stability.

Using task-dependent neuroimaging techniques, recent studies discovered a fraction of patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) who had no command-following behaviors but showed a clear sign of awareness as healthy controls, which was defined as cognitive motor dissociation (CMD). However, existing task-dependent approaches might fail when CMD patients have cognitive function (e.g.

Eyes-Open and Eyes-Closed Resting State Network Connectivity Differences.

Resting state networks comprise several brain regions that exhibit complex patterns of interaction. Switching from eyes closed (EC) to eyes open (EO) during the resting state modifies these patterns of connectivity, but precisely how these change remains unclear. Here we use functional magnetic resonance imaging to scan healthy participants in two resting conditions (viz.