Metal-Organic Frameworks-Derived Nanocarbon Materials and Nanometal Oxides for Photocatalytic Applications.

Harnessing low-density solar energy and converting it into high-density chemical energy through photocatalysis has emerged as a promising avenue for the production of chemicals and remediation of environmental pollution, which contributes to alleviating the overreliance on fossil fuels. In recent years, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained widespread application in the field of photocatalysis due to their photostability, tunable structures, and responsiveness in the visible light range. However, most MOFs exhibit relatively low response to light, limiting their practical applications.

Geometric Antibody Engineering Reveals the Spatial Factor on the Efficacy of Bispecific T Cell Engagers.

Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) represent an emerging class of biologics that can recognize two different antigens or epitopes. T-cell engagers (TcEs) bind two targets in trans on the cell surface of the effector and target cell to induce proximal immune effects, opening exciting windows for immunotherapies. To date, the engineering of BsAbs has been mainly focused on tuning the molecular weight and valency.

Synergistic Enhancement of Photocatalytic H Evolution over NH-MIL-125 Modified with Dual Cocatalyst.

The construction of efficient photocatalysts for water splitting to enable H evolution is pivotal to alleviate energy issues and environmental concerns. In this work, carbon dots (CDs) were prepared by employing "green solvent" ionic liquids as carbon sources and then combined with Pt/NH-MIL-125, resulting in the emergence of a high-efficiency photocatalyst termed CDs-Pt/NH-MIL-125 for the first time. This composite photocatalyst exhibited outstanding photocatalytic activity in H production under visible light irradiation.

Structure engineering of CeO for boosting the Au/CeO nanocatalyst in the green and selective hydrogenation of nitrobenzene.

Exploring eco-friendly and cost-effective strategies for structure engineering at the nanoscale is important for boosting heterogeneous catalysis but still under a long-standing challenge. Herein, multifunctional polyphenol tannic acid, a low-cost natural biomass containing catechol and galloyl species, was employed as a green reducing agent, chelating agent, and stabilizer to prepare Au nanoparticles, which were dispersed on different-shaped CeO supports (, rod, flower, cube, and octahedral). Systematic characterizations revealed that Au/CeO-rod had the highest oxygen vacancy density and Ce(III) proportion, favoring the dispersion and stabilization of the metal active sites.

Mesoporous Polymeric Ionic Liquid via Confined Polymerization for Laccase Immobilization towards Efficient Degradation of Phenolic Pollutants.

Laccase immobilization is a promising method that can be used for the recyclable treatment of refractory phenolic pollutants (e.g., chlorophenols) under mild conditions, but the method is still hindered by the trade-off limits of supports in terms of their high specific surface area and rich functional groups.

Insight into the Morphology-Dependent Catalytic Performance of CuO/CeO Produced by Tannic Acid for Efficient Hydrogenation of 4-Nitrophenol.

The construction of a heterogeneous nanocatalyst with outstanding catalytic performance via an environmentally benign and cost-effective synthetic category has long been one of the challenges in nanotechnology. Herein, we synthesized highly efficient and low-cost mesoporous morphology-dependent CuO/CeO -Rods and CuO/CeO -Cubes catalysts by employing a green and multifunctional polyphenolic compound (tannic acid) as the stabilizer and chelating agent for 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction reaction. The CuO/CeO -Rods exhibited excellent performance, of which the activity was 3.

Chemicals orchestrate reprogramming with hierarchical activation of master transcription factors primed by endogenous Sox17 activation.

Mouse somatic cells can be chemically reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells (CiPSCs) through an intermediate extraembryonic endoderm (XEN)-like state. However, it is elusive how the chemicals orchestrate the cell fate alteration. In this study, we analyze molecular dynamics in chemical reprogramming from fibroblasts to a XEN-like state.

Pluripotent stem cells induced from mouse neural stem cells and small intestinal epithelial cells by small molecule compounds.

Recently, we reported a chemical approach to generate pluripotent stem cells from mouse fibroblasts. However, whether chemically induced pluripotent stem cells (CiPSCs) can be derived from other cell types remains to be demonstrated. Here, using lineage tracing, we first verify the generation of CiPSCs from fibroblasts.

A XEN-like State Bridges Somatic Cells to Pluripotency during Chemical Reprogramming.

Somatic cells can be reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) by using pure chemicals, providing a different paradigm to study somatic reprogramming. However, the cell fate dynamics and molecular events that occur during the chemical reprogramming process remain unclear. We now show that the chemical reprogramming process requires the early formation of extra-embryonic endoderm (XEN)-like cells and a late transition from XEN-like cells to chemically-induced (Ci)PSCs, a unique route that fundamentally differs from the pathway of transcription factor-induced reprogramming.

Pluripotent stem cells induced from mouse somatic cells by small-molecule compounds.

Pluripotent stem cells can be induced from somatic cells, providing an unlimited cell resource, with potential for studying disease and use in regenerative medicine. However, genetic manipulation and technically challenging strategies such as nuclear transfer used in reprogramming limit their clinical applications. Here, we show that pluripotent stem cells can be generated from mouse somatic cells at a frequency up to 0.

Anaesthetic management under field conditions after the 12 May 2008 earthquake in Wenchuan, China.

Objective: To summarise our experiences of anaesthetic management under field conditions after the Wenchuan earthquake, China, on 12 May 2008.

Methods: Medical records of earthquake victims who received emergency operations under anaesthetic techniques in our field hospital were retrospectively analysed, including patient's demographic data, injury types, surgical procedures, anaesthetic techniques and perioperative care.

Results: Among the 111 patients who required anaesthesia, the eldest was 81 years old, and the youngest was 5 months old.