Ethyl vinyl ketone activates oxidative and calcium burst and CML8-ACA8 participates in calcium recovery in Arabidopsis leaves.

Plants produce ethyl vinyl ketone (evk) in response to biotic stress, but the evk's identification and downstream defense response remain unclear. In this paper, it is predicted by docking for the first time that evk can be recognized by RBOH protein and assist the electron transfer of RBOHD/RBOHF by binding to its FAD or NADPH binding site. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) binding assay shows that evk indeed bind to RBOHD.

Role of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid in Plant Defense Response.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a four-carbon non-protein amino acid that acts as a defense substance and a signaling molecule in various physiological processes, and which helps plants respond to biotic and abiotic stresses. This review focuses on the role of GABA's synthetic and metabolic pathways in regulating primary plant metabolism, redistributing carbon and nitrogen resources, reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and improving plants' tolerance of oxidative stress. This review also highlights the way in which GABA maintains intracellular pH homeostasis by acting as a buffer and activating H-ATPase.

DORN1 and GORK regulate stomatal closure in Arabidopsis mediated by volatile organic compound ethyl vinyl ketone.

Evk (ethyl vinyl ketone) is a signal substance for plant defense, but little is known about how evk mediates stomatal closure. Through stomatal biology experiments, we found that evk can mediate stomatal closure, and stomatal closure is weakened when DORN1 (DOES NOT RESPOND TO NUCLEOTIDES 1) and GORK (GATED OUTWARDLY-RECTIFYING K+ CHANNEL) are mutated. In addition, it was found by non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT) that the K efflux mediated by evk was significantly weakened when DORN and GORK were mutated.

Ethyl Vinyl Ketone Activates K Efflux to Regulate Stomatal Closure by MRP4-Dependent eATP Accumulation Working Upstream of HO Burst in Arabidopsis.

Plants regulate stomatal mobility to limit water loss and improve pathogen resistance. Ethyl vinyl ketone (evk) is referred to as a reactive electrophilic substance (RES). In this paper, we found that evk can mediate stomatal closure and that evk-induced stomatal closure by increasing guard cell K efflux.

CALMODULIN1 and WRKY53 Function in Plant Defense by Negatively Regulating the Jasmonic Acid Biosynthesis Pathway in Arabidopsis.

Jasmonic acid (JA) is an important hormone that functions in plant defense. and mutants were more resistant to than in the wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis group. In addition, JA concentration in and mutants was higher compared with the WT group.

CML8 and GAD4 function in (Z)-3-hexenol-mediated defense by regulating γ-aminobutyric acid accumulation in Arabidopsis.

(Z)-3-hexenol, a small gaseous molecule, is produced in plants under biotic stress and induces defense responses in neighboring plants. However, little is known about how (Z)-3-hexenol induces plant defense-related signaling. In this study, we uncovered how (Z)-3-hexenol treatment enhances plant resistance to insect attacks by increasing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) contents in Arabidopsis leaves.

Linalool Activates Oxidative and Calcium Burst and CAM3-ACA8 Participates in Calcium Recovery in Arabidopsis Leaves.

Plants produce linalool to respond to biotic stress, but the linalool-induced early signal remains unclear. In wild-type Arabidopsis, plant resistance to diamondback moth () increased more strongly in a linalool-treated group than in an untreated control group. HO and Ca, two important early signals that participated in biotic stress, burst after being treated with linalool in Arabidopsis mesophyll cells.

Herbivore exposure alters ion fluxes and improves salt tolerance in a desert shrub.

Plants have evolved complex mechanisms that allow them to withstand multiple environmental stresses, including biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we investigated the interaction between herbivore exposure and salt stress of Ammopiptanthus nanus, a desert shrub. We found that jasmonic acid (JA) was involved in plant responses to both herbivore attack and salt stress, leading to an increased NaCl stress tolerance for herbivore-pretreated plants and increase in K /Na ratio in roots.

Duplication and Divergence of Leucine-Rich Repeat Receptor-Like Protein Kinase () Genes in Basal Angiosperm .

Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinases (LRR-RLKs) are the largest group of receptor-like kinases, which are one of the largest protein superfamilies in plants, and play crucial roles in development and stress responses. Although the evolution of families has been investigated in some eudicot and monocot plants, no comprehensive evolutionary studies have been performed for these genes in basal angiosperms like . In this study, we identified 94 genes in the genome of .