Pyroptosis the Emerging Link Between Gut Microbiota and Multiple Sclerosis.

This review elucidates the pivotal role of pyroptosis, triggered by gut microbiota, in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS), emphasizing its significance within the gut-brain axis. Our comprehensive analysis of recent literature reveals how dysbiosis in the gut microbiota of MS patients-characterized by reduced microbial diversity and shifts in bacterial populations-profoundly impacts immune regulation and the integrity of the central nervous system (CNS). Pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of programmed cell death, significantly exacerbates MS by promoting the release of inflammatory cytokines and causing substantial damage to CNS tissues.

Exogenous α-Synuclein Induces Oxidative Damage to Dopaminergic Neurons Through p-NMDAR2B/Nur77.

Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is a major pathological marker of Parkinson's disease (PD), and its abnormal expression and aggregation lead to dopaminergic neuron degeneration, in which oxidative stress plays an important role. However, the exact molecular mechanism by which α-syn causes PD remains unclear. In this study, exogenous α-syn, also known as α-syn preformed fibrils (α-syn PFFs), was used to construct in vivo and in vitro models of PD.

Neuronal regulated cell death in aging-related neurodegenerative diseases: key pathways and therapeutic potentials.

Regulated cell death (such as apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, cuproptosis, ferroptosis, disulfidptosis) involves complex signaling pathways and molecular effectors, and has been proven to be an important regulatory mechanism for regulating neuronal aging and death. However, excessive activation of regulated cell death may lead to the progression of aging-related diseases. This review summarizes recent advances in the understanding of seven forms of regulated cell death in age-related diseases.

A joint entity Relation Extraction method for document level Traditional Chinese Medicine texts.

Chinese medicine is a unique and complex medical system with complete and rich scientific theories. The textual data of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) contains a large amount of relevant knowledge in the field of TCM, which can serve as guidance for accurate disease diagnosis as well as efficient disease prevention and treatment. Existing TCM texts are disorganized and lack a uniform standard.

Nur77 increases mitophagy and decreases aggregation of α-synuclein by modulating the p-c-Abl/p-PHB2 Y121 in α-synuclein PFF SH-SY5Y cells and mice.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive death of dopamine (DA) neurons and the pathological accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) fibrils. In our previous study, simulated PHB2 phosphorylation was utilized to clarify the regulatory role of c-Abl in PHB2-mediated mitophagy in PD models. In this investigation, we employed an independently patented PHB2Y121 phosphorylated antibody in the PD model to further verify that the c-Abl inhibitor STI571 can impede PHB2Y121 phosphorylation, decrease the formation of α-Syn polymers, and improve autophagic levels.

The key roles of reactive oxygen species in microglial inflammatory activation: Regulation by endogenous antioxidant system and exogenous sulfur-containing compounds.

Aberrant innate immunity in the brain has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and depression. Except for extraparenchymal CNS-associated macrophages, which predominantly afford protection against peripheral invading pathogens, it has been reported that microglia, a population of macrophage-like cells governing CNS immune defense in nearly all neurological diseases, are the main CNS resident immune cells. Although microglia have been recognized as the most important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the CNS, ROS also may underlie microglial functions, especially M1 polarization, by modulating redox-sensitive signaling pathways.

Menstrually-related migraine shapes the structural similarity network integration of brain.

Menstrually-related migraine (MM) is a primary migraine in women of reproductive age. The underlying neural mechanism of MM was still unclear. In this study, we aimed to reveal the case-control differences in network integration and segregation for the morphometric similarity network of MM.

Rutin Attenuates Oxidative Stress Via PHB2-Mediated Mitophagy in MPP-Induced SH-SY5Y Cells.

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Rutin, a natural botanical ingredient, has been shown to have antioxidant properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of rutin on PD and the underlying mechanisms.

Artemisinin Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Oxidative Damage via Regulating PHB2-Mediated Autophagy in the Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cell Line.

Oxidative stress plays a key role in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Artemisinin (ART) has antioxidative stress activity in addition to its powerful antimalarial effects. In this article, we investigated the effect of ART on OGD/R-induced oxidative stress injury and its underlying mechanisms.

Nonreceptor Tyrosine Kinase c-Abl-Mediated PHB2 Phosphorylation Aggravates Mitophagy Disorder in Parkinson's Disease Model.

Mitophagy and oxidative stress play important roles in Parkinson's disease (PD). Dysregulated mitophagy exacerbates mitochondrial oxidative damage; however, the regulatory mechanism of mitophagy is unclear. Here, we provide a potential mechanistic link between c-Abl, a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, and mitophagy in PD progression.

Melatonin Treatment for Sleep Disorders in Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.

Objective: The efficacy of melatonin on sleep disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD) is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of melatonin on sleep disorders in PD by summarizing evidence from randomized clinical trials (RCTs).

Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched for studies published before 20 August 2021.

Idebenone improves motor dysfunction, learning and memory by regulating mitophagy in MPTP-treated mice.

The progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) is often accompanied by the loss of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons, mitophagy damage, learning, and memory impairment. Idebenone is a therapeutic drug that targets the mitochondria of neurodegenerative diseases, but its role in Parkinson's disease and its pathological mechanism are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether idebenone could improve behavioral disorders, especially motor, learning, and memory disorders, in mouse PD models and to explore its molecular mechanism.

Autophagy-Dependent Ferroptosis-Related Signature is Closely Associated with the Prognosis and Tumor Immune Escape of Patients with Glioma.

Background: Ferroptosis is an autophagy-dependent form of cell death, sometimes called "ferritinophagy". Its related pathway has been proven to regulate the programmed death of glioma stem cells. Mining autophagy-dependent ferroptosis-related gene (AD-FRG) signature could facilitate the discovery of mechanisms and therapeutic targets showing drug resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs.

Efficacy and Safety of Light Therapy as a Home Treatment for Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson Disease: A Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND Non-visual effects of the retina have been increasingly confirmed in developing Parkinson disease (PD). Light therapy (LT) has been proven to be an effective non-pharmacotherapy for improving the prognosis of PD, but the pathway of action is unclear, and there is a lack of a unified and standardized LT regimen. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various LT measures in improving motor and non-motor symptoms in patients with idiopathic PD via a meta-analysis.

Efficacy and Safety of Rotigotine Transdermal Patch on Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease: An Updated Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.

The effects of rotigotine transdermal patch (RTG) on the neuropsychiatric symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) outcomes remain controversial. The aim of this review was to determine the efficacy and safety of RTG on the neuropsychiatric symptoms of PD. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing RTG and placebo in PD up to May 10, 2021.

Pharmacological Interventions for REM Sleep Behavior Disorder in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.

To review the therapeutic effects of drugs on REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in Parkinson's disease (PD) by searching the MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and CBM databases. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, studies were included after excluding duplicate data. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of pharmacological intervention to improve RBD in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD-RBD).

Artemisinin attenuated oxidative stress and apoptosis by inhibiting autophagy in MPP-treated SH-SY5Y cells.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease. The oxidative stress is an important component of the pathogenesis of PD. Artemisinin (ART) has antioxidant and neuroprotective effects.

Atorvastatin improves motor function, anxiety and depression by NOX2-mediated autophagy and oxidative stress in MPTP-lesioned mice.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. It is characterized by static tremors, stiffness, slow movements, and gait disturbances, but it is also accompanied by anxiety and depression. Our previous study showed that atorvastatin could reduce the risk of PD, but the mechanism is still unclear.

Research Progress of Drug Treatment in Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia.

As of March 10, 2020, more than 100,000 novel coronavirus pneumonia cases have been confirmed globally. With the continuous spread of the new coronavirus pneumonia epidemic in even the world, prevention and treatment of the disease have become urgent tasks. The drugs currently being developed are not adequate to deal with this critical situation.

Nur77 attenuates inflammatory responses and oxidative stress by inhibiting phosphorylated IκB-α in Parkinson's disease cell model.

Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play key roles in the pathological development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Nerve growth factor-induced gene B (Nur77) is closely related to dopamine neurotransmission, and its pathogenesis is unclear. This study aims to investigate the role and mechanism of Nur77 in a cell model of Parkinson's disease.

MsrA Suppresses Inflammatory Activation of Microglia and Oxidative Stress to Prevent Demyelination via Inhibition of the NOX2-MAPKs/NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

Introduction: Demyelination causes neurological deficits involving visual, motor, sensory symptoms. Deregulation of several enzymes has been identified in demyelination, which holds potential for the development of treatment strategies for demyelination. However, the specific effect of methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) on demyelination remains unclear.

Simvastatin Improves Behavioral Disorders and Hippocampal Inflammatory Reaction by NMDA-Mediated Anti-inflammatory Function in MPTP-Treated Mice.

The cognitive function impairment may be related to the inflammation of the hippocampus in Parkinson's disease. Simvastatin can play a positive role in Parkinson's disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether simvastatin could improve behavioral disorders, especially depression, anxiety and cognitive function in mouse PD models, and further explore the molecular mechanism.

Interleukin-17 receptor C gene polymorphism reduces treatment effect and promotes poor prognosis of ischemic stroke.

Objective: To study the relationship between Interleukin-17 receptor C (IL-17RC) gene polymorphism and ischemic stroke (IS).

Methods: Three hundred cases of IS patients and 300 cases of the healthy controls were selected. Serum of IS patients and the controls was collected.