Mapping the evolution of anti-diabetic polysaccharides research: Trends, collaborations, and emerging frontiers.

Diabetes Mellitus, characterized by insufficient insulin secretion, pancreatic beta cell damage, or insulin resistance, is the third most prevalent chronic metabolic disease worldwide. Polysaccharides, biocompatible natural macromolecules, have garnered significant attention for their potential in modulating diabetes through various mechanisms. Despite extensive studies, a comprehensive and impartial evaluation of anti-diabetic polysaccharides (ATDPs) research is still lacking.

Chromosome-level genome assembly and characterization of Kaixuan 016: A high-oleic peanut variety with improved agronomic traits developed through gamma-radiation-assisted breeding.

High-oleic peanuts are increasingly valued in agricultural production and consumer markets. Nevertheless, limited genomic information hinders the integration of genetic analyses and modern breeding strategies. This study details a chromosome-level genome assembly of Kaixuan 016, a high-oleic peanut variety developed through gamma-radiation-assisted breeding, exhibiting enhanced agronomic traits.

Effects of acteoside from on the plasma metabolome of cancer-related fatigue mice inoculated with colon cancer cells.

Objective: To elucidate the metabolic mechanisms by which acteoside (ACT) isolated from alleviates cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in a murine model of colon cancer with cachexia.

Methods: BALB/c mice inoculated with C26 colon cancer cells were treated with paclitaxel (PTX, 10 mg/kg) and ACT (100 mg/kg) alone or in combination for 21 days. Fatigue-associated behaviors, tumor inhibition rate, and skeletal muscle morphology assessed by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and electron microscopy were evaluated.

Optimization of Extraction Process, Structural Characterization, and Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Activity Evaluation of Polysaccharides From the Medicinal and Edible Plant: Cistanche deserticola Ma.

Introduction: Cistanche deserticola Ma (CD), an edible and medicinal plant native to Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Gansu in China, is rich in bioactive polysaccharides known for their health-promoting properties. The polysaccharides of C. deserticola (CDPs) have been shown to possess a range of beneficial activities, including immunomodulatory, anti-aging, antioxidant, and anti-osteoporosis effects.

Current Status of Depression in Patients with Endometriosis and Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Background: Endometriosis often causes chronic pain and fertility issues, exacerbating the risk of depression and complicating conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, which further impacts quality of life. This study aimed to explore the detection rate of depression in patients with endometriosis and rheumatoid arthritis by using different diagnostic criteria, and to analyze the occurrence and influencing factors.

Method: A total of 108 patients with endometriosis combined with rheumatoid arthritis in the First Hospital of Lanzhou University from July 2021 to July 2023 were selected as samples.

Bruceine A inhibits TGF-β1/Smad pathway in pulmonary fibrosis by blocking gal3/TGF-β1 interaction.

Background: Bruceine A(BA) has many pharmacological activities and significantly inhibits fibrosis in keloid fibroblasts. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of BA on pulmonary fibrosis(PF) and explore its underlying mechanisms.

Phenylethanol Glycosides from Modulate the Gut Microbiota and Cecal Metabolites to Ameliorate Diabetic Nephropathy Induced by Streptozotocin Combined with High-Fat Diet in Rats.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prevalent complication and serious microvascular of diabetes mellitus. After previous studies, we found that phenylethanol glycosides (CPhGs) derived from (Schenk) Wight exerts antidiabetic and renoprotective effects. However, the effects of CPhGs on DN remain incompletely understood.

Breast cancer and rectal cancer associated with Lynch syndrome: A case report.

Background: The development mechanisms of Lynch syndrome (LS)-related breast cancer (BC) and rectal cancer are complex and variable, leading to personalized variations in diagnosis and treatment plans.

Case Summary: This paper presents a comprehensive review of clinical diagnosis and treatment data from a patient with LS-associated BC and rectal cancer. Moreover, screening data and management guidelines, as well as relevant literature on LS, are included in this report.

Advance in Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma. polysaccharides: Isolation, structural characterization, bioactivities and application: A review.

Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma (CD), is mainly distributed in the regions of China (Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Gansu), Mongolia, Iran and India.

Allantoin reduces glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity in a type 2 diabetes rat model by modulating the PI3K and MAPK signaling pathways.

Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic impact of allantoin on diabetes produced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) in rats.

Subjects And Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet to induce insulin resistance, followed by streptozotocin injection to induce diabetes. The effect of oral treatment of allantoin (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks was evaluated by calculating the alteration in metabolic parameters, biochemical indicators, the oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp tests were performed.

Structural, blood flow and functional changes in the macular area and the expression of aqueous humor factors in myopia.

Objective: To compare the macular area parameters and aqueous humor factors between myopia and emmetropia.

Methods: Convenience sampling was used to select patients who visited the Changzhi Aier Eye Hospital's department of ophthalmology from December 2018 to December 2022 as the study participants. They were divided into three groups according to whether they were diagnosed as mild myopia myopic, highly myopic or not as follows: the mild myopia group (60 cases, 108 eyes), the high myopia group (46 cases, 78 eyes) and the healthy emmetropia group (40 cases, 65 eyes).

Infertility-Related Stress, and Dyadic Coping as Predictors of Quality of Life: Gender Differences Among Couples with Infertility Issues.

Background: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between infertility-related stress and dyadic coping with quality of life (QoL) in couples with infertility issues, and verify gender differences and dyadic interactions in the associations between them.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 340 couples who were recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou University between March 2022 and November 2022. The Fertility Problem Inventory, Dyadic Coping Inventory and FertiQoL were used to measure infertility-related stress, dyadic coping and QoL.

Harmine inhibits pulmonary fibrosis through regulating DNA damage repair-related genes and activation of TP53-Gadd45α pathway.

Background: Harmine has many pharmacological activities and has been found to significantly inhibit the fibrosis of keloid fibroblasts. DNA damage repair (DDR) is essential to prevent fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of harmine on pulmonary fibrosis and its underlying mechanisms.

Intergenic sequences harboring potential enhancer elements contribute to Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome by regulating PITX2.

Recent studies have uncovered that noncoding sequence variants may relate to Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS), a rare developmental anomaly with genetic heterogeneity. However, how these genomic regions are functionally and structurally associated with ARS is still unclear. In this study, we performed genome-wide linkage analysis and whole-genome sequencing in a Chinese family with ARS and identified a heterozygous deletion of about 570 kb (termed LOH-1) in the intergenic sequence between paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 (PITX2) and family with sequence similarity 241 member A.

Genome-wide association study and development of molecular markers for yield and quality traits in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

Background: This study aims to decipher the genetic basis governing yield components and quality attributes of peanuts, a critical aspect for advancing molecular breeding techniques. Integrating genotype re-sequencing and phenotypic evaluations of seven yield components and two grain quality traits across four distinct environments allowed for the execution of a genome-wide association study (GWAS).

Results: The nine phenotypic traits were all continuous and followed a normal distribution.

Deciphering the Performance Enhancement, Cell Failure Mechanism, and Amelioration Strategy of Sodium Storage in Metal Chalcogenides-Based Andes.

Transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) emerge as promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), heralding a new era of energy storage solutions. Despite their potential, the mechanisms underlying their performance enhancement and susceptibility to failure in ether-based electrolytes remain elusive. This study delves into these aspects, employing CoS electrodes as a case in point to elucidate the phenomena.

Visual Detection of Road Cracks for Autonomous Vehicles Based on Deep Learning.

Detecting road cracks is essential for inspecting and assessing the integrity of concrete pavement structures. Traditional image-based methods often require complex preprocessing to extract crack features, making them challenging when dealing with noisy concrete surfaces in diverse real-world scenarios, such as autonomous vehicle road detection. This study introduces an image-based crack detection approach that combines a Random Forest machine learning classifier with a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to address these challenges.

Multiscale Interface Engineering of Sulfur-Doped TiO Anode for Ultrafast and Robust Sodium Storage.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are a promising electrochemical energy storage system; however, their practical application is hindered by the sluggish kinetics and interfacial instability of anode-active materials. Here, to circumvent these issues, we proposed the multiscale interface engineering of S-doped TiO electrodes with minor sulfur/carbon inlaying (S/C@sTiO), where the electrode-electrolyte interface (SEI) and electrode-current collector interface (ECI) are tuned to improve the Na-storage performance. It is found that the S dopant greatly promotes the Na diffusion kinetics.

TiB and SrB monolayers: high capacity and zero strain-like anode materials for Li/Na/K/Ca ion batteries.

Storage capacity, average open circuit voltage (OCV), diffusion barrier, lattice parameter changes, are key indicators of whether a material would be suitable for use as a Li-ion or non-Li-ion battery (LIB or NLIB) anode. The rapid development of 2D materials over the past few decades has opened up new possibilities for these metrics. Using first-principles calculations, we prove that two 2D materials, TiB and SrB, show excellent performance in terms of the above metrics when used as anodes for LIBs or NLIBs.

Acteoside alleviates blood-brain barrier damage induced by ischemic stroke through inhibiting microglia HMGB1/TLR4/NLRP3 signaling.

Ischemic stroke (IS) can cause severe harm, inducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and pyroptotic death. IS treatment efficacy remains limited, and microglia are important regulators of IS-related blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage. It is thus vital that new therapeutic agents capable of targeting microglia be identified to treat IS-related damage to the BBB.

Hugan Buzure Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway.

This study explored the effects of Hugan Buzure (HBR) on cell apoptosis and autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the molecular mechanisms of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. HepG2 and Huh7 cell viability was detected by the tetramethylazolium salt colorimetric (MTT) method. Cell proliferation was measured using the colony formation method.