Single-Molecule Oxidoreductase Activity Analysis for Activity-Based Diagnosis Based on Proteoform Alterations.

We developed a single-molecule enzyme activity assay platform for NAD(P)-dependent oxidoreductases, leveraging a new NAD(P)H-responsive fluorogenic probe optimized for microdevice-based fluorometric detection. This platform enabled the detection of enzyme activities in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), including lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and hexokinases. We demonstrate its potential for activity-based diagnosis by detecting altered populations of enzyme activity species in blood and CSF from liver damage in brain tumor patients.

Exercise-induced interactions between skeletal muscle and bone via myokines and osteokine in mice: Role of FNDC5/irisin, IGF-1, and osteocalcin.

Skeletal muscle and bone interact to maintain their structure and function. Physical exercise is the most effective and easily applicable strategy to maintain their functions; however, exercise-induced interactions by soluble factors remained elusive. Our study aimed to identify exercise-induced interactions between muscle and bone by examining (1) the effects of myokine on bone and (2) the effects of osteocalcin (OCN) on skeletal muscle.

Effects of aerobic exercise at different intensities on articular cartilage in mice.

Background: Maintaining intrinsic articular cartilage homeostasis is essential for the health of cartilage. However, the impact of aerobic exercise of varying intensities on the articular cartilage homeostasis has never been studied. This study aims to elucidate the influence of different aerobic exercise intensities on the anabolic and catabolic processes within articular cartilage.

Effects of different exercise modes and intensities on cognitive performance, adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity in mice.

Exercise can induce beneficial improvements in cognition. However, the effects of different modes and intensities of exercise have yet to be explored in detail. This study aimed to identify the effects of different exercise modes (aerobic and resistance) and intensities (low and high) on cognitive performance, adult hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in mice.

Effects of acute- and long-term aerobic exercises at different intensities on bone in mice.

Introduction: Exercise intensity determines the benefits of aerobic exercise. Our objectives were, in aerobic exercise at different intensities, to determine (1) changes in bone metabolism-related genes after acute exercise and (2) changes in bone mass, strength, remodeling, and bone formation-related proteins after long-term exercise.

Materials And Methods: Total 36 male C57BL/6J mice were divided into a control group and exercise groups at 3 different intensities: low, moderate, or high group.

Higher-intensity ultrasound accelerates fracture healing via mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1.

Osteoporosis-related fractures are a major public health problem. Mechanobiological stimulation utilizing low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is the most widely accepted modality for accelerating fracture healing. However, recent evidence has demonstrated the ineffectiveness of LIPUS, and the biophysical mechanisms of ultrasound-induced bone formation also remain elusive.

Effects of uphill and downhill walking on post-traumatic osteoarthritis development in mice.

Using destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) to induce models of osteoarthritis (OA), we sought to clarify how flat, uphill and downhill walking affects OA-related inflammation and articular cartilage degeneration. Thirty-two male C57BL/6J mice 7 weeks old underwent DMM surgery in their right knee and sham surgery in their left knee, and were then assigned to either the no walking after DMM group or the flat, uphill or downhill walking after DMM group (n = 8/group). After creating the knee OA model, the mice in the walking groups were subjected to treadmill walking 1 day after surgery, which included walking at 12 m/min for 30 min/day, 7 days/week, at inclines of 0, 20, or -20 degrees.

Effects of cyclic tensile strain and microgravity on the distribution of actin fiber and Fat1 cadherin in murine articular chondrocytes.

Chondrocytes as mechano-sensitive cells can sense and respond to mechanical stress throughout life. In chondrocytes, changes of structure and morphology in the cytoskeleton have been potentially involved in various mechano-transductions such as stretch-activated ion channels, integrins, and intracellular organelles. However, the mechanism of cytoskeleton rearrangement in response to mechanical loading and unloading remains unclear.

Utilization of Mechanical Stress to Treat Osteoporosis: The Effects of Electrical Stimulation, Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave, and Ultrasound on Experimental Osteoporosis in Ovariectomized Rats.

Current treatment options for osteoporosis primarily involve pharmacotherapies, but they are often accompanied by undesirable side effects. Utilization of mechanical stress which can noninvasively induce bone formation has been suggested as an alternative to conventional treatments. Here, we examined the efficacy of mechanical stress induced by electrical stimulation, radial extracorporeal shock waves, and ultrasound for estrogen-deficient osteoporosis.

Effects of ultrasound, radial extracorporeal shock waves, and electrical stimulation on rat bone defect healing.

Fractures associated with osteoporosis are a major public health concern. Current treatments for fractures are limited to surgery or fixation, leading to long-term bedrest, which is linked to increased mortality. Alternatively, utilization of physical agents has been suggested as a promising therapeutic approach for fractures.

Transcutaneous application of carbon dioxide improves contractures after immobilization of rat knee joint.

Objective: Joint contractures are a major complication following joint immobilization. However, no fully effective treatment has yet been found. Recently, carbon dioxide (CO) therapy was developed and verified this therapeutic application in various disorders.