Oral support for patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities.

Background: Oral support during feeding was clinically provided to patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) for the prevention of dysphasia. The present study investigated the advantages of oral support anatomically and functionally.

Methods: A videofluoroscopic swallowing study was conducted on nine patients with SMID (age = 5-41 years; mean age = 15.

Hyoid bone movement during swallowing and mechanism of pharyngeal residue in patients with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities.

Objectives: Dysphagia is linked to mortality risk among patients with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD); the present study therefore aimed to clarify the characteristics of hyoid movements during swallowing and to examine the mechanism of dysphagia in patients with PIMD.

Methods: A retrospective video fluoroscopic swallowing study was conducted on 43 patients with PIMD (mean age = 25.4; 25 males, 18 females) and 24 healthy adults (mean age = 44.

Immediate effects of short period lower limb ergometer exercise in adolescent and young adult patients with cerebral palsy and spastic diplegia.

[Purpose] To determine the effects of lower limb ergometer exercise on the spasticity and joint range of motion of the lower extremity and gait function in patients with cerebral palsy and spastic paralysis. [Participants and Methods] This study included 8 participants with cerebral palsy and spastic paralysis (GMFCS levels I to IV) who received care at the outpatient clinic. After a 5-min rest, the lower limb ergometer exercises were performed for 10 min.

Brazilian propolis ethanol extract and its component kaempferol induce myeloid-derived suppressor cells from macrophages of mice in vivo and in vitro.

Background: Brazilian green propolis is produced by mixing secretions from Africanized honey bees with exudate, mainly from Baccharis dracunculifolia. Brazilian propolis is especially rich in flavonoids and cinammic acid derivatives, and it has been widely used in folk medicine owing to its anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, tumoricidal, and analgesic effects. Moreover, it is applied to prevent metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and arteriosclerosis.