Alpha-carotene inhibits metastasis in Lewis lung carcinoma in vitro, and suppresses lung metastasis and tumor growth in combination with taxol in tumor xenografted C57BL/6 mice.

This study aimed to investigate the anti-metastatic activity of α-carotene (AC) in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and in combination with taxol in LLC-xenografted C57BL/6 mice. Cell culture studies reveal that AC significantly inhibited invasion, migration and activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, -9 and urokinase plasminogen activator but increased protein expression of tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-1, -2 and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1. These effects of AC are similar to those of β-carotene at the same concentration (2.

In vitro and in vivo safety evaluation of low molecular weight chitosans prepared by hydrolyzing crab shell chitosans with bamboo shoots chitosanase.

Our previous study demonstrated that the oral administration of low molecular weight chitosans (LMWC), prepared by hydrolyzing crab shell chitosans with bamboo shoots chitosanase in an appropriate dose, reduced aristolochic acid-induced renal lesions in mice. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the safety of LMWC using genetic and animal toxicity assays. Two assays for genotoxicity were performed: the chromosomal aberration of Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1 cells) (in vitro) and micronucleus assays in mice (in vivo).

In vitro and in vivo safety of aqueous extracts of Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther, a widely consumed vegetable in Taiwan, has many biological effects and has been used in folk medicine to alleviate hepatic disorders, exert diuretic effects, and relieve pain and infections. However, little data exist regarding its safety.