Evaluation of flow cytometry-based fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen test to measure the humoral immunity against the varicella-zoster virus.

The fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (FAMA) test is the gold standard for measuring the immunity induced by varicella vaccines with high sensitivity and specificity. However, certain aspects of the FAMA test, such as time consumption, non-automation, and subjective interpretation by observers using fluorescence microscopy, are obstacles to handling large amounts of samples. To overcome these hurdles, flow cytometry was adopted to analyze and compare the flow FAMA titer with the classic FAMA titer.

Isolation, Identification, and Biological Activities of a New Chlorin e6 Derivative.

Chlorin e6 is a well-known photosensitizer used in photodynamic diagnosis and therapy. A method for identifying and purifying a novel process-related impurity during the synthesis of chlorin e6 has been developed. Its structure was elucidated using NMR and HRMS.

Preventing High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Related Hepatic Steatosis by Chlorin e6-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy.

Obesity and its associated hepatic steatosis have become a global concern, posing numerous health hazards. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a unique approach that promotes anti-obesity by releasing intracellular fat. Chlorin e6 (Ce6)-PDT was tested for its anti-obesity properties in male ovariectomized (OVX) beagle dogs, as well as male C57BL/6 and Balb/c mice.

Leaf Extract Attenuates Effects of Aging on Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Cognitive Impairment.

Our study aimed to explore the impact and mechanism of leaf extract on age-dependent oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and progressive memory impairments in aged mice. Twenty-four-month-old mice received EA-L3 (300 mg/kg/day) or the reference drug, donepezil (DPZ, 5 mg/kg/day), for 6 weeks, and learning and memory functions were detected using the Passive Avoidance Test (PAT). As expected, cognitive function deficits were detected in aged mice compared with young mice, and these deficits were significantly mitigated by dietary treatments with EA-L3.

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Immuno-Oncology Characteristics of Tumor-Infiltrating T Lymphocytes in Photodynamic Therapy-Treated Colorectal Cancer Mouse Model.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown promise in reducing metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Modulating tumor-infiltrating immune cells by PDT may be achieved, which requires the characterization of immune cell populations in the tumor microenvironment by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Here, we determined the effect of Chlorin e6 (Ce6)-mediated PDT on tumor-infiltrating T cells using scRNA-seq analysis.

Chlorin E6-Curcumin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Promotes an Anti-Photoaging Effect in UVB-Irradiated Fibroblasts.

Skin photoaging due to ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that increase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). Chlorin e6-photodynamic therapy (Ce6-PDT), in addition to being the first-line treatment for malignancies, has been shown to lessen skin photoaging, while curcumin is well known for reducing the deleterious effects of ROS. In the current study, PDT with three novel Ce6-curcumin derivatives, a combination of Ce6 and curcumin with various linkers, including propane-1,3-diamine for Ce6-propane-curcumin; hexane-1,6-diamine for Ce6-hexane-curcumin; and 3,3'-((oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(propan-1-amine) for Ce6-dipolyethylene glycol (diPEG)-curcumin, were studied for regulation of UVB-induced photoaging on human skin fibroblast (Hs68) and mouse embryonic fibroblast (BALB/c 3T3) cells.

Anti-Obesity Effect of Chlorin e6-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy on Mice with High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Chlorin e6 (Ce6)-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) for anti-obesity activities in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity mouse models. We induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice by HFD and administered Ce6 (2.5 or 5 mg/kg) orally with 3 h of incubation.

Novel Chlorin e6-Curcumin Derivatives as a Potential Photosensitizer: Synthesis, Characterization, and Anticancer Activity.

Novel series of chlorin e6-curcumin derivatives were designed and synthesized. All the synthesized compounds , , , and were tested for their photodynamic treatment (PDT) efficacy against human pancreatic cancer cell lines: AsPC-1, MIA-PaCa-2, and PANC-1. The cellular uptake study was performed in the aforementioned cell lines using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS).

Chlorin e6-associated photodynamic therapy enhances abscopal antitumor effects via inhibition of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint.

We hypothesized that photodynamic therapy (PDT) with Chlorin e6 (Ce6) enhances antitumor abscopal effects via inhibition of the programmed cell death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) immune checkpoint. By using syngeneic melanoma and pancreatic tumor mouse models, we studied the Ce6-PDT-induced immune responses in local and distant tumor microenvironments. In addition, the Ce6-PDT's target in the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction was analyzed in MC38-hPD-L1 colon cancer and PD-1 expressing Jurkat T cell coculture.

Efficient Synthesis of Chlorin e6 and Its Potential Photodynamic Immunotherapy in Mouse Melanoma by the Abscopal Effect.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can eradicate not only cancer cells but also stimulate an antitumor immune response. Herein, we describe two efficient synthetic methodologies for the preparation of Chlorin e6 (Ce6) from and address the phototoxic effect of Ce6 in vitro along with antitumor activity in vivo. Melanoma B16F10 cells were seeded and phototoxicity was monitored by the MTT assay.

Twig Extract Protects against Scopolamine-Induced Changes in Brain and Brain-Derived Cells via Cholinergic and BDNF Pathways.

In the current study, the therapeutic and preventive effects of (EA) twig extract were investigated in a mouse model of cognitive deficit and B35 cells. Twig extract 1 was extracted with 70% ethanol and later twig extract 2 was extracted through liquid-liquid extraction with 70% ethanol and hexane. EA twig 2 (300 mg/kg) along with the standard drug donepezil (5 mg/kg) were orally administered to the mice for 34 days.

Effect of Photodynamic Therapy with Chlorin e6 on Canine Tumors.

This work aims to prepare pure Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and establish Ce6-mediated photodynamic therapy (Ce6-PDT) as a better therapy option for canine tumors as well as mouse tumor models. Five dogs suffering from various cancers were treated with Ce6-PDT from one to several times. After receiving the Ce6 (2.