From dusk till dawn: cell cycle progression in the red seaweed (Rhodophyta).

The conserved eukaryotic functions of cell cycle genes have primarily been studied using animal/plant models and unicellular algae. Cell cycle progression and its regulatory components in red (Rhodophyta) seaweeds are poorly understood. We analyzed diurnal gene expression data to investigate the cell cycle in the red seaweed .

Phylogeny and species delimitation of ciliates in the genus (Class, Heterotrichea) using single-cell transcriptomes.

Ciliates are single-celled microbial eukaryotes that diverged from other eukaryotic lineages over a billion years ago. The extensive evolutionary timespan of ciliate has led to enormous genetic and phenotypic changes, contributing significantly to their high level of diversity. Recent analyses based on molecular data have revealed numerous cases of cryptic species complexes in different ciliate lineages, demonstrating the need for a robust approach to delimit species boundaries and elucidate phylogenetic relationships.

Taxonomic reinvestigation of the genus (Scenedesmaceae; Sphaeropleales) based on morphological characteristics and chloroplast genomes.

The genus (Scenedesmaceae; Sphaeropleales) comprises one of the most abundant green algae in freshwater environments. It includes morphologically diverse species that exhibit bundle-like, plane-arranged coenobia, and unicells, because several different -like groups were integrated into this genus based on phylogenetic analysis. Nevertheless, there is no clear information regarding the phylogenetic relationship of species, determined using several marker genes, because of low phylogenetic support and insufficient molecular data.

Diurnal Rhythms in the Red Seaweed Gracilariopsis chorda are Characterized by Unique Regulatory Networks of Carbon Metabolism.

Cellular and physiological cycles are driven by endogenous pacemakers, the diurnal and circadian rhythms. Key functions such as cell cycle progression and cellular metabolism are under rhythmic regulation, thereby maintaining physiological homeostasis. The photoreceptors phytochrome and cryptochrome, in response to light cues, are central input pathways for physiological cycles in most photosynthetic organisms.

Metagenome-assembled genomes of the GU0601 sample (the Han River, South Korea).

We generated metagenome sequences of the GU0601 sample collected from the Han River and constructed metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) to identify their bacterial composition. We identified six MAGs belonging to Alphaproteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Flavobacteria.

Group II intron and repeat-rich red algal mitochondrial genomes demonstrate the dynamic recent history of autocatalytic RNAs.

Background: Group II introns are mobile genetic elements that can insert at specific target sequences, however, their origins are often challenging to reconstruct because of rapid sequence decay following invasion and spread into different sites. To advance understanding of group II intron spread, we studied the intron-rich mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) in the unicellular red alga, Porphyridium.

Results: Analysis of mitogenomes in three closely related species in this genus revealed they were 3-6-fold larger in size (56-132 kbp) than in other red algae, that have genomes of size 21-43 kbp.

Transcriptomic analysis of brine shrimp Artemia franciscana across a wide range of salinities.

Brine shrimp Artemia franciscana, a commercially important species, can thrive in a wide range of salinities and is commonly found in hypersaline lakes and solar salterns. Transcriptome analysis can enhance the understanding of the adaptative mechanisms of brine shrimp in aquaculture. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data was generated from A.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the benthic diatom .

M. A. Harper 2009 is a marine diatom in Naviculales (Bacillariophyceae) order distributed in New Zealand, South America, Argentina, and Korea.

Complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of the copper shark (Günther, 1870).

Copper shark ( Günther, 1870) is one of the most widely distributed but least known species in the family Carcharhinidae. Herein, we report the first complete mitogenome of . The overall structure of the 16,704 bp mitogenome was similar to that of other species and showed the highest average nucleotide identity (97.

Percolation threshold of curved linear objects.

In this study, we investigate the percolation threshold of curved linear objects, describing them as quadratic Bézier curves. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we calculate the critical number densities of the curves with different curviness. We also obtain the excluded area of the curves.

The complete mitochondrial genome of (Bangiophyceae, Rhodophyta).

(Hollenberg) S.C. Lindstrom & Hughey is a foliose seaweed in Bangiales order distributed in North America.

Amoeba Genome Reveals Dominant Host Contribution to Plastid Endosymbiosis.

Eukaryotic photosynthetic organelles, plastids, are the powerhouses of many aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The canonical plastid in algae and plants originated >1 Ga and therefore offers limited insights into the initial stages of organelle evolution. To address this issue, we focus here on the photosynthetic amoeba Paulinella micropora strain KR01 (hereafter, KR01) that underwent a more recent (∼124 Ma) primary endosymbiosis, resulting in a photosynthetic organelle termed the chromatophore.

Effect of undissolved Nb carbides on mechanical properties of hydrogen-precharged tempered martensitic steel.

Nb carbides have attracted significant attention to enhance the resistance of tempered martensitic (TM) steel to hydrogen embrittlement (HE). However, previous studies have elucidated the role of Nb carbides in HE resistance without categorizing their types (i.e.

Unknown to Known: Advancing Knowledge of Coral Gene Function.

Given the catastrophic changes befalling coral reefs, understanding coral gene function is essential to advance reef conservation. This has proved challenging due to the paucity of genomic data and genetic tools available for corals. Recently, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing was applied to these species; however, a major bottleneck is the identification and prioritization of candidate genes for manipulation.

Expansion of phycobilisome linker gene families in mesophilic red algae.

The common ancestor of red algae (Rhodophyta) has undergone massive genome reduction, whereby 25% of the gene inventory has been lost, followed by its split into the species-poor extremophilic Cyanidiophytina and the broadly distributed mesophilic red algae. Success of the mesophile radiation is surprising given their highly reduced gene inventory. To address this latter issue, we combine an improved genome assembly from the unicellular red alga Porphyridium purpureum with a diverse collection of other algal genomes to reconstruct ancient endosymbiotic gene transfers (EGTs) and gene duplications.

Comparative study on the effects of Cr, V, and Mo carbides for hydrogen-embrittlement resistance of tempered martensitic steel.

In this study, the ideal alloying element (among Cr, V, and Mo carbides) to enhance the resistance to hydrogen embrittlement (HE) in a tempered martensitic steel was investigated. Four types of steels were designed to contain cementites, Cr-rich MC carbides, V carbides, and Mo carbides, respectively. These steels were tailored to possess a comparable tensile strength (~1.

Expression of seven carbonic anhydrases in red alga Gracilariopsis chorda and their subcellular localization in a heterologous system, Arabidopsis thaliana.

Red alga, Gracilariopsis chorda, contains seven carbonic anhydrases that can be grouped into α-, β- and γ-classes. Carbonic anhydrases (CAHs) are metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of CO. These enzymes are present in all living organisms and play roles in various cellular processes, including photosynthesis.

Flip-flop organization in the chloroplast genome of Capsosiphon fulvescens (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta).

To better understand organelle genome evolution of the ulvophycean green alga Capsosiphon fulvescens, we sequenced and characterized its complete chloroplast genome. The circular chloroplast genome was 111,561 bp in length with 31.3% GC content that contained 108 genes including 77 protein-coding genes, two copies of rRNA operons, and 27 tRNAs.

Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of the common dolphin (Cetacea: Delphinidae).

We report the complete mitogenome of the common dolphin, . Overall structure of the 16,387 bp mitogenome was very similar to those of other delphinid species, including the ancient individuals. Multigene phylogeny revealed that was most closely related to Stenella coeruleoalba, and clustered well with other species within the subfamily Delphininae.

Analysis of the Draft Genome of the Red Seaweed Gracilariopsis chorda Provides Insights into Genome Size Evolution in Rhodophyta.

Red algae (Rhodophyta) underwent two phases of large-scale genome reduction during their early evolution. The red seaweeds did not attain genome sizes or gene inventories typical of other multicellular eukaryotes. We generated a high-quality 92.

Extreme proximal migration of dislocated lunate over carpal ligament - A case report.

Dislocation of the lunate and proximal pole of the scaphoid with displacement of the fragments proximal to the radiocarpal joint, characterized as a total dislocation, is very rare, with only six cases reported. Dislocated lunate are generally located around the radiocarpal joint or within carpal ligament. However, there have been no reports of dislocated lunate over the carpal ligament.

Parallel evolution of highly conserved plastid genome architecture in red seaweeds and seed plants.

Background: The red algae (Rhodophyta) diverged from the green algae and plants (Viridiplantae) over one billion years ago within the kingdom Archaeplastida. These photosynthetic lineages provide an ideal model to study plastid genome reduction in deep time. To this end, we assembled a large dataset of the plastid genomes that were available, including 48 from the red algae (17 complete and three partial genomes produced for this analysis) to elucidate the evolutionary history of these organelles.

Reconstructing the complex evolutionary history of mobile plasmids in red algal genomes.

The integration of foreign DNA into algal and plant plastid genomes is a rare event, with only a few known examples of horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Plasmids, which are well-studied drivers of HGT in prokaryotes, have been reported previously in red algae (Rhodophyta). However, the distribution of these mobile DNA elements and their sites of integration into the plastid (ptDNA), mitochondrial (mtDNA), and nuclear genomes of Rhodophyta remain unknown.