Melatonin suppresses PD-L1 expression and exerts antitumor activity in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Melatonin, also known as the pineal hormone, is secreted by the pineal gland and primarily regulates circadian rhythms. Additionally, it possesses immunomodulatory properties and anticancer effects. However, its specific mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear, particularly regarding its effect on HCC-mediated immune escape through PD-L1 expression.

Regulatory role of S1P and its receptors in sepsis-induced liver injury.

As an immune and metabolic organ, the liver affects the progression and prognosis of sepsis. Despite the severe adverse effects of sepsis liver injury on the body, treatment options remain limited. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a widely distributed lipid signaling molecule that binds to five sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PR) to regulate downstream signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiological processes of sepsis, including endothelial permeability, cytokine release, and vascular tone.

The relationship between anesthesia, surgery and postoperative immune function in cancer patients: a review.

This review comprehensively examines the impact of anesthesia and surgical interventions on the immune function of cancer patients postoperatively. Recent studies have shown that surgery and its accompanying anesthesia management can significantly influence immune function in cancer patients, potentially affecting their prognosis. This review synthesizes clinical studies and basic research to summarize the specific effects of anesthesia methods, drugs, postoperative analgesia, intraoperative transfusion, surgical techniques, and trauma extent on the immune function of cancer patients post-surgery.

Association of systemic inflammatory response index and clinical outcome in acute traumatic spinal cord injury patients.

Systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) has been proven to be associated with the prognosis of coronary artery disease and many other diseases. However, the relationship between SIRI and acute traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) has rarely been evaluated. The study aims to assess the prognostic value of SIRI for clinical outcomes in individuals with acute tSCI.

How do sphingosine-1-phosphate affect immune cells to resolve inflammation?

Inflammation is an important immune response of the body. It is a physiological process of self-repair and defense against pathogens taken up by biological tissues when stimulated by damage factors such as trauma and infection. Inflammation is the main cause of high morbidity and mortality in most diseases and is the physiological basis of the disease.

Correlation Analysis of Prognostic Gene Expression, Tumor Microenvironment, and Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Ovarian Cancer.

Objective: Tumor microenvironment (TME) research can provide a crucial direction for the innovation and continuous improvement of novel biologic therapies for cancer. This study examined the relationship between the TME, expression profiles of the tumor-infiltrating immune cell, and prognostic gene expression in ovarian cancer (OC).

Materials And Methods: Screening of CD3E, CD3G, CD2, CD3D, CCL19, and IL2RG was performed using the bioinformatics methods.

The relationship between anesthesia and melatonin: a review.

This comprehensive review delves into the intricate and multifaceted relationship between anesthesia and melatonin, aiming to provide essential insights for perioperative clinical anesthesiologists and stimulate interest in related research. Anesthesia and surgery have the potential to disrupt melatonin secretion, leading to sleep disorders, postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction and other symptoms. In comparison to previous reviews, this review provides a comprehensive summary of the various aspects linking melatonin and anesthesia, going beyond isolated perspectives.

Recent advances in the study of anesthesia-and analgesia-related mechanisms of S-ketamine.

Ketamine is a racemic mixture of equal amounts of R-ketamine and S-ketamine and is well known to anesthesiologists for its unique dissociative anesthetic properties. The pharmacological properties of ketamine, namely, its sympathetic excitation, mild respiratory depression, and potent analgesia, are still highly valued in its use as an anesthetic for some patients. In particular, since its advent, S-ketamine has been widely used as an anesthetic in many countries due to its increased affinity for NMDA receptors and its enhanced anesthetic and analgesic effects.

Role of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) in sepsis-associated intestinal injury.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a widespread lipid signaling molecule that binds to five sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) to regulate downstream signaling pathways. Sepsis can cause intestinal injury and intestinal injury can aggravate sepsis. Thus, intestinal injury and sepsis are mutually interdependent.

Icariin reduces cognitive dysfunction induced by surgical trauma in aged rats by inhibiting hippocampal neuroinflammation.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common postsurgical complication in elderly individuals, significantly impacting the quality of life of patients; however, there is currently no effective clinical treatment for POCD. Recent studies have shown that Icariin (ICA) has antiaging effects and improves cognitive function, but its effect in POCD has not been studied. In this study, we investigated the influence of ICA on cognitive function and the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in a POCD rat model.

Erratum to "Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress is Involved in the Neuroprotective Effect of bFGF in the 6-OHDA-Induced Parkinson's Disease Model".

[This corrects the article on p. 336 in vol. 7, PMID: 27493838.

Association of insulin resistance with bone mineral density in a nationwide health check-up population in China.

Introduction: Insulin resistance (IR) is closely associated with cardio-metabolic diseases. However, the impact of IR on bone mass remains obscure. The present study is to evaluate the association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) indicated IR and bone mass in a nationwide health check-up population in China.

The potential value of exosomes as adjuvants for novel biologic local anesthetics.

The side effects of anesthetic drugs are a key preoperative concern for anesthesiologists. Anesthetic drugs used for general anesthesia and regional blocks are associated with a potential risk of systemic toxicity. This prompted the use of anesthetic adjuvants to ameliorate these side effects and improve clinical outcomes.

Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for reducing cognitive dysfunction in lumbar spine surgery: A randomized, controlled trail.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of perioperative transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in older patients with lumbar spine surgery.

Methods: Older patients (aged 60-80 years old) receiving lumbar spine surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into group A, 3-day intervention group; group B, 7-day intervention group; control group C, sham TEAS group, selected "Baihui" (GV 20) and "Dazhui" (GV 14) point was intervened once 30 min before operation with "HANS" transcutaneous electrical stimulation device, and then once a day after operation for 30 min each time. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative cognitive impairment assessed by the use of the Mini Mental Rating Scale (MMSE), patients developed POCD according to the Z score method.

The increasing incidence and high body mass index-related burden of gallbladder and biliary diseases-A results from global burden of disease study 2019.

Background: Gallbladder and biliary diseases are common gastrointestinal conditions associated with huge socioeconomic costs and are considered risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and digestive system cancers. The prevalence and incidence of gallbladder and biliary diseases have not received enough attention from 1990 to 2019. Several non-communicable diseases were associated with the incidence of gallbladder and biliary diseases.

Assessment of corneal biomechanics in anisometropia using Scheimpflug technology.

To investigate the relationship between corneal biomechanical and ocular biometric parameters, and to explore biomechanical asymmetry between anisometropic eyes using the corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology device (Corvis ST). 180 anisometropic participants were included. Participants were divided into low (1.

The global disease burden attributable to a diet low in fibre in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019.

Objective: The relationship of a diet low in fibre with mortality has not been evaluated. This study aims to assess the burden of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCD) attributable to a diet low in fibre globally from 1990 to 2019.

Design: All data were from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019, in which the mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALY) and years lived with disability (YLD) were estimated with Bayesian geospatial regression using data at global, regional and country level acquired from an extensively systematic review.

Percutaneous Endoscopic Discectomy Via a Transforaminal Approach for L5/S1 Far-Lateral Disc Herniation Assisted by Intraoperative Computed Tomography.

Objective: To examine the clinical outcomes of a percutaneous lumbar transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) with intraoperative computed tomography (iCT) navigation for the treatment of L5-S1 far-lateral lumbar disc herniation (LDH).

Methods: A total of 30 patients with L5-S1 far-lateral LDH who underwent PTED with iCT navigation from September 2016 to October 2020 were enrolled in this study. Outcomes were assessed using the visual analog scale pain score, the Oswestry Disability Index, the Japanese Orthopedic Association score, the EQ-5D-5 L and the modified Macnab criteria.

Novel Thermosensitive Hydrogel Promotes Spinal Cord Repair by Regulating Mitochondrial Function.

The repair of spinal cord injury (SCI) is still a tough clinical challenge and needs innovative therapies. Mitochondrial function is significantly compromised after SCI and has emerged as an important factor causing neuronal apoptosis and hindering functional recovery. In this study, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSC), which are promising seed cells for nerve regeneration, and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) that have been demonstrated to have a variety of effects on neural regeneration were jointly immobilized in extracellular matrix (ECM) and heparin-poloxamer (HP) to create a polymer bioactive system that brings more hope and possibility for the treatment of SCI.

Reliability and agreement of the central and mid-peripheral corneal thickness measured by a new Scheimpflug based imaging.

Background: To assess the intra-observer repeatability and inter-observer reproducibility of central corneal thickness (CCT) and mid-peripheral corneal thickness (MPCT) measurements using a new Scheimpflug imaging instrument (Scansys) and compare the agreement with the rotating Scheimpflug corneal tomographer (Pentacam HR).

Methods: The same well-trained operator performed the measuring using the two devices, after which Scansys measurements were repeated by another operator. Both instruments required three consecutive measurements per subject.

Comparison of Anterior Ocular Biometric Measurements Using Swept-Source and Time-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: To compare central corneal thickness (CCT), aqueous depth (AQD), and anterior chamber depth (ACD) measurements using the swept-source (CASIA SS-1000, Tomey, Japan) and time-domain (Visante, Carl Zeiss Meditec, USA) anterior segment optical coherence tomographers (OCT) in normal eyes.

Methods: Sixty-eight eyes of 68 subjects were included. Three consecutive scans of each subject were obtained using both devices in a random order by one experienced operator.

Agreement Between Two Optical Biometers Based on Large Coherence Length SS-OCT and Scheimpflug Imaging/Partial Coherence Interferometry.

Purpose: To evaluate the agreement between measurements obtained with a new optical biometer (Argos; Movu Inc) using large coherence length swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and those obtained with an optical biometer with a rotating Scheimpflug camera, combined with partial coherence interferometry (PCI) (Pentacam AXL; Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) in adults.

Methods: The following measurements were examined and evaluated: axial length, central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), mean keratometry, J and J vectors, and corneal diameter. Measurements with the two biometers were conducted in triplicate per instrument in a random order by the same examiner.

Thermosensitive heparin-poloxamer hydrogel encapsulated bFGF and NGF to treat spinal cord injury.

The application of growth factors (GFs) for treating chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) has been shown to promote axonal regeneration and functional recovery. However, direct administration of GFs is limited by their rapid degradation and dilution at the injured sites. Moreover, SCI recovery is a multifactorial process that requires multiple GFs to participate in tissue regeneration.

Autophagy Activation Is Involved in Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor Ameliorating Parkinson's Disease Regulating Tribbles Homologue 3.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system, resulting in loss of dopamine neurons. Excessive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy dysfunction play a crucial role on Parkinson's disease (PD) development. It has been showed that acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) alleviates the development of PD by inhibiting ER stress.

Valproic acid affects neuronal fate and microglial function via enhancing autophagic flux in mice after traumatic brain injury.

In recent years, many studies have focused on autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that relies on lysosomes to achieve cellular metabolic requirements and organelle turnover, and revealed its important role in animal models of traumatic injury. Autophagy is a double-edged sword. Appropriate levels of autophagy can promote the removal of abnormal proteins or damaged organelles, while hyperactivated autophagy can induce autophagic apoptosis.