Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin lispro 25 versus the original preparation (Humalog25) in Chinese healthy male volunteers.

There are approximately 537 million adults with diabetes worldwide, and insulin still plays an important role in its treatment. However, the long-term use of insulin imposes a significant financial burden on patients. This study aims to explore the pharmacokinetic (PK)/ pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters of generic premixed insulin lispro 25 (25% insulin lispro and 75% protamine zinc lispro) and evaluate the bio-equivalence between generic and brand-name preparations to reduce medical costs while ensuring the effectiveness and safety of treatment.

Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GZR4, a novel once-weekly basal insulin, in healthy participants: A randomized trial.

Aims: Insulin GZR4 (GZR4), a novel once-weekly basal insulin, has demonstrated a favourable safety and low toxicity profile, as well as notable in vivo glycaemic control effects, in preclinical studies. The study aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of GZR4 in healthy Chinese participants.

Methods: In this randomized, single-blind, dose-escalation Phase 1a study, healthy male adults aged 18-45 years, with a BMI of 19-24 kg/m were enrolled in five cohorts.

Inhibiting TRIM8 alleviates adipocyte inflammation and insulin resistance by regulating the DUSP14/MAPKs pathway.

Obesity is a low-grade chronic inflammation induced by the pathological expansion of adipocytes which allows the development of obesity-associated metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, mechanisms regulating adipocyte inflammation remain poorly understood. Here, we observed that TRIM8 was upregulated in adipocyte inflammation and insulin resistance while DUSP14 was downregulated.

Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of oral (S)-oxiracetam in Chinese healthy volunteers: A randomized, double-blind, controlled phase I study.

Background And Objective: (S)-oxiracetam is the major active enantiomer of oxiracetam, which is being developed for dementia. This trial was designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of oral (S)-oxiracetam in healthy Chinese volunteers.

Methods: A randomized, controlled, double-blind and dose-escalation design was used in this Phase I trial, which consisted of a single-ascending-dose (SAD) study (400-2000 mg) and a multiple-ascending-dose (MAD) study (400-1600 mg).

Factors Influencing Men's Attitudes toward HPV Vaccination in Males Included in the Chinese National Immunization Program.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease, and it is associated with anogenital warts and oropharyngeal and anogenital cancers. Among female malignant tumors in China, the incidence of cervical cancer ranks second, with only breast cancer being more prevalent. HPV infection and related diseases affects both women and men.

Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of Fudosteine in Healthy Chinese Volunteers Under Fasting and Fed Conditions: A 4-Way Replicate Crossover Study.

The bioequivalence of a generic fudosteine tablet vs a brand-named fudosteine tablet under fasting and fed conditions was evaluated in this study. This randomized, open-label, single-dose, 4-way replicate, crossover, bioequivalence study included 64 healthy Chinese subjects (fasting cohort, n = 32; fed cohort, n = 32) who were assigned to receive a single 200-mg dose of generic or brand-named fudosteine. Blood samples were collected before dosing and up to 24 hours after dosing.

MicroRNA-141-3p attenuates oxidative stress-induced hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury via Keap1/Nrf2 pathway.

Background: Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major factor affecting the prognosis of liver transplantation through a series of severe cell death and inflammatory responses. However, the potential role of miR-141-3p in hepatic IRI is currently unknown.

Methods: We collected the serum of liver transplantation patients to study the relationship between miR-141-3p and liver injury.

FAM49B, restrained by miR-22, relieved hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting TRAF6/IKK signaling pathway in a Rac1-dependent manner.

Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury plays a pivotal pathogenic role in trauma, hepatectomy, and liver transplantation. However, the whole mechanism remains undescribed. The objective of this study is to investigate the internal mechanism by which microRNA-22 (miR-22) targets family with sequence similarity 49 member B (FAM49B), thus aggravating hepatic I/R injury.

Reduction in C-Peptide Levels and Influence on Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Insulin Preparations: How to Conduct a High-Quality Euglycemic Clamp Study.

The aim of the study was to investigate the different extent of inhibition of endogenous insulin secretion by the reduction of C-peptide levels in an euglycemic clamp study and its effects on the evaluation of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics of insulin preparations, and quality of clamp study to determine the best reduction range of C-peptide levels. Healthy Chinese male volunteers were enrolled and underwent a single-dose euglycemic clamp test. Participants were subcutaneously injected with long-acting insulin glargine (0.

CMPK2 accelerates liver ischemia/reperfusion injury via the NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Cytidine monophosphate kinase 2 (CMPK2) is a mitochondrial nucleotide monophosphate kinase which is important for the substrates of mitochondrial DNA synthesis and has been reported to participate in macrophage activation and the inflammatory response. The purpose of the present research was to determine the potential role of CMPK2 in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The present study investigated the role of CMPK2 in regulating the NLRP3 pathway and liver dysfunction induced by hepatic I/R both and .

Fisetin mitigates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating GSK3β/AMPK/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.

Background: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury (IRI) represents a crucial challenge in liver transplantation. Fisetin has anti-inflammatory, anti-aging and anti-oxidative properties. This study aimed to examine whether fisetin mitigates hepatic IRI and examine its underlying mechanisms.

SET8 mitigates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice by suppressing MARK4/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.

Aims: Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a critical factor affecting the prognosis of liver surgery. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of SET8 on hepatic I/R injury and the putative mechanisms.

Main Methods: The expression of SET8 and MARK4 in I/R group and sham group were detected both in vivo and in vitro.

Inhibition of miR-450b-5p ameliorates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury via targeting CRYAB.

Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is an unavoidable course in liver transplantation, during which the immune response of inflammation plays a leading part. MicroRNA-450b-5p (miR-450b-5p), which has been reported to participate in several inflammatory diseases, was investigated in this study. The purpose of this study is to identify the potential function of miR-450b-5p toward remission of hepatic IRI and elucidate the specific mechanism.

Inhibition of microRNA-128-3p alleviates liver ischaemia-reperfusion injury in mice through repressing the Rnd3/NF-B axis.

Although liver ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury remains the primary underlying reason for liver transplant failure or post-transplantation liver dysfunction, the underlying mechanism is still largely elusive. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including inflammation. Here, we identified that the miR-128-3p/Rho family GTPase 3 (Rnd3)/NF-κB axis might play a critical role in liver I/R injury.

Tle1 attenuates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppressing NOD2/NF-κB signaling.

Liver damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) remains a primary issue in multiple hepatic surgeries. Innate immune-mediated inflammatory responses during the reperfusion stage aggravate the injury. Nevertheless, the detailed mechanism of hepatic I/R has not been fully clarified yet.

Outcomes of adult patients adopting small-for-size grafts in living donor liver transplantation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Small-for-size graft (SFSG) has emerged as one of the very contentions in adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) as a certain graft size is related to recipients' prognosis. Graft-to-recipient weight ratio (GRWR) ≥0.8% was considered as a threshold to conduct LDLT.

MicroRNA-125b protects liver from ischemia/reperfusion injury via inhibiting TRAF6 and NF-κB pathway.

MicroRNA-125b (miR-125b), which was previously proved to be a potential immunomodulator in various disease, attenuated mouse hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in this study. miR-125b was decreased in RAW 264.7 cells exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R).

[Fisetin alleviates hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in rat hepatocytes via modulation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway].

Objective To investigate the protective effect of fisetin (FIS) against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury in rat hepatocytes and its mechanism. Methods H/R injury model of BRL-3A cells was established and the cells were pretreated with FIS. Survival rate was detected by CCK-8 assay.

[Tumor-associated macrophages promote the proliferation and migration as well as invasion of sorafenib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cells].

Objective To investigate the roles of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR)/β-catenin signaling pathway in sorafenib resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Methods Macrophages were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and cultured in the presence of colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) to obtain TAMs. Phenotypes of TAMs were identified.

Curcumin Inhibits Heat-Induced Apoptosis by Suppressing NADPH Oxidase 2 and Activating the Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Bronchial Epithelial Cells.

Background: Heat causes bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis, which is a known factor contributing to airway damage during inhalation injury. Accumulating evidence has shown the effect of curcumin on inhibiting apoptosis. In this study, we investigated whether curcumin suppresses heat-induced apoptosis in bronchial epithelial cells and the underlying mechanism.

IL-37 induces autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Autophagy is an intracellular "self-eating" process that is closely related to inflammation and cellular immunity. New studies indicate that autophagy is also involved in tumor suppression. The anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-37 (IL-37) has been shown to have tumor-suppressive abilities in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

[Interleukin-37 induces apoptosis and autophagy of SMMC-7721 cells by inhibiting phosphorylation of mTOR].

Objective To investigate the underlying mechanism by which interleukin-37 (IL-37) induces the apoptosis and autophagy in SMMC-7721 cells. Methods SMMC-7721 cells were incubated in vitro and divided into two groups, IL-37 treated group and control group. The cells were treated with (50, 100, 200) ng/mL of recombinant human interleukin-37 (rhIL-37).

Identification and interaction analysis of key genes and microRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma by bioinformatics analysis.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver malignancy worldwide. However, present studies of its multiple gene interaction and cellular pathways still could not explain the initiation and development of HCC perfectly. To find the key genes and miRNAs as well as their potential molecular mechanisms in HCC, microarray data GSE22058, GSE25097, and GSE57958 were analyzed.

Resveratrol preconditioning protects hepatocytes against hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury via Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of resveratrol against hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (HIRI) and explore the potential underlying mechanism. Resveratrol-pretreated BRL-3A (rat liver) cells and rats underwent hypoxia/reoxygenation and hepatic ischemia/reperfusion, respectively. BRL-3A cell damage was evaluated, and the mRNA and protein expression of related signal molecules was assessed in cell model.