In-situ growth of a covalent organic framework-based matrix-compatible microextraction coating for sensitive extraction of multiple pesticides.

The potential pesticide hazard to non-target organisms is a global concern. It is critical to develop the sensitive detection methods of multiple pesticides in various complex matrices. Here, benzene-1,3,5-tricarbaldehyde (BTCA) and 1,3,5-Tri (4-aminophenyl) benzene (TAPB) were employed as precursors for the in-situ growth of COF on the surface of amino-functionalized stainless steel wire (SS) via a solvothermal method.

Nanoscale Sequential Reactor Design Achieves Effective Removal of Disinfection Byproduct Precursors in Catalytic Ozonation.

Transforming dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a crucial approach to alleviating the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in water treatment. Although catalytic ozonation effectively transforms DOM, increases in DBP formation potential are often observed due to the accumulation of aldehydes, ketones, and nitro compound intermediates during DOM transformation. In this study, we propose a novel strategy for the sequential oxidation of DOM, effectively reducing the levels of accumulation of these intermediates.

-Semiquinone Radical and -Benzoquinone Selectively Degrade Aniline Contaminants in the Periodate-Mediated Advanced Oxidation Process.

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) often employ strong oxidizing inorganic radicals (e.g., hydroxyl and sulfate radicals) to oxidize contaminants in water treatment.

Sea-urchin-like covalent organic framework as solid-phase microextraction fiber coating for sensitive detection of trace pyrethroid insecticides in water.

Pyrethroid insecticides residues in water pose a critical threat to the environment from widespread production and overuse. Therefore, it is of major relevance to develop a sensitive and efficient method to detect pyrethroid insecticides in water. In this paper, a covalent organic framework (COF) with NHCO as the structural unit was synthesized using a simple condensation reaction of TTL (NH) and TDBA (COOH).

Molecularly imprinted polymer sheathed mesoporous silica tube as SPME fiber coating for determination of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in water.

Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are probably carcinogenic disinfection byproducts eliciting health risk concerns. The determination and surveillance of TSNAs in water is still cumbersome due to the lack of advanced sample preparation methods. Herein, we prepared a solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coated with the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sheathed mesoporous silica tube (MST) composite material, and developed a highly efficient, selective, and sensitive method for the determination of five TSNAs in water.

Reactions of neonicotinoids with peroxydisulfate: The generation of neonicotinoid anion radicals and activation pathway to form sulfate radicals.

To activate persulfate to generate reactive species such as sulfate radical (SO) for micropollutants abatement, external energy or chemicals are often needed. In this study, a novel SO formation pathway was reported during the oxidation of neonicotinoids by peroxydisulfate (SO, PDS) without any other chemical additions. Thiamethoxam (TMX) was used as a representative neonicotinoid and SO was the dominant specie contributing to its degradation during PDS oxidation at neutral pH.

Aspartame-Sweetened Tap Water: Transformation Products and 2,6-Dichloro-1,4-Benzoquinone Formation.

Aspartame (APM), a dipeptide of aspartic acid (ASP) and phenylalanine (PHE), is a widely used artificial sweetener in beverages. It is unclear whether residual chlorine in tap water can react with APM to form disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Therefore, we investigated the formation of DBPs from the reaction of APM with residual chlorine in authentic tap water.

Trichloramine and Hydroxyl Radical Contributions to Dichloroacetonitrile Formation Following Breakpoint Chlorination.

Breakpoint chlorination is applied to remove ammonia in water treatment. Trichloramine (NCl) and transient reactive species can be present, but how they affect the formation of nitrogenous disinfection byproducts is unknown. In this study, the dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) formation mechanisms and pathways involved during breakpoint chlorination (i.

Synergistic cytotoxicity of binary combinations of inorganic and organic disinfection byproducts assessed by real-time cell analysis.

Chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and ozone are widely used as disinfectants in drinking water treatments. However, the combined use of different disinfectants can result in the formation of various organic and inorganic disinfection byproducts (DBPs). The toxic interactions, including synergism, addition, and antagonism, among the complex DBPs are still unclear.

Unique On-Site Spinning Sampling of Highly Water-Soluble Organics Using Functionalized Monolithic Sorbents.

Water utilities encounter unpredictable odor issues that cannot be explained by routine water parameters during spring runoff, even in the summer and fall. Highly water-soluble organics (, amino acids and saccharides) have been reported to form odorous disinfection byproducts during disinfection, but the lack of simple and practical on-site sampling techniques hampers their routine monitoring at trace levels in source water. Therefore, we have created two functionalized nested-in-sponge silica monoliths (NiS-SMs) using a one-pot synthesis method and demonstrated their application for extracting highly soluble organics in water.

Formation Mechanism of Iodinated Aromatic Disinfection Byproducts: Acid Catalysis with HOI.

Iodinated aromatic disinfection byproducts (I-DBPs) are a group of nonregulated but highly toxic DBPs. The formation of I-DBPs is attributed mainly to HOI because it is the most abundant reactive iodine species in chloraminated water. In this study, we used computational modeling of thermodynamics to examine the mechanism of iodination of aromatic contaminants, e.

Remediation of preservative ethylparaben in water using natural sphalerite: Kinetics and mechanisms.

As a typical class of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs), the environmental transformation and abatement of preservative parabens have raised certain environmental concerns. However, the remediation of parabens-contaminated water using natural matrixes (such as, naturally abundant minerals) is not reported extensively in literature. In this study, the transformation kinetics and the mechanism of ethylparaben using natural sphalerite (NS) were investigated.

When vector control and organic farming intersect: Pesticide residues on rice plants from aerial mosquito sprays.

Conflicts often exist between the use of pesticides for public health protection and organic farming. A prominent example is the use of insecticides for mosquito control in rice fields designated for organic farming. Rice fields, with static water and other conducive conditions, are favorable mosquito habitats.

Nontargeted Identification of an -Heterocyclic Compound in Source Water and Wastewater as a Precursor of Multiple Nitrosamines.

-Nitrosamine disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are a health concern because they are probable human carcinogens. Complex organic nitrogenous compounds, nitrosamine precursors, are largely unidentified in source water. Using stable isotopic labeling-enhanced nontargeted analysis, we identified a natural product -heterocyclic amine 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (MTCCA) in source water.

Nontargeted identification and predicted toxicity of new byproducts generated from UV treatment of water containing micropollutant 2-mercaptobenzothiazole.

Comprehensive identification of byproducts including intermediate transformation products (TPs) of micropollutants in source water is challenging and paramount for assessment of drinking water quality and treatment technologies. Here, we have developed a nontargeted analysis strategy coupled with computational toxicity assessment to identify indistinguishable TPs including isomers with large differences in toxicity. The new strategy was applied to study the UV treatment of water containing micropollutant 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (2-MBT), and it enabled successful identification of a total of 22 organic TPs.

Unraveling the behaviors and significances of waste biomass ashes as underlying emission sources of soil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Tibetan Plateau.

Domestic consumption of biomass fuels has been found as a leading source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in pristine regions. The biomass ashes would serve as both source and vector for PAHs, which may threaten residents' health. However, research focusing on the behaviors of waste biomass ashes acting as emission resources of PAHs is still lacking.

In vivo monitoring and exposure potency assessment of phase I metabolism of fenthion in vegetables.

In this study, the phase I metabolism of fenthion was monitored in three common vegetables in different chamber situations via an in vivo solid-phase microextraction method. The phase I metabolic pathways of fenthion were evaluated based on the in vivo monitoring results and their comparisons among the chamber situations. Enzyme catalysis was found to play a basic and dominant role, whereas light catalysis could promote subsequent transformations that were difficult for enzyme catalysis.

Sheathed in situ heteroepitaxial growth metal-organic framework probe for detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in river water and living fish.

Exploring the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic environment is an important task. Metal-organic frameworks (MOF) are commonly used as sorbents for enriching PAHs but their crystal synthesis, sorbent preparation and robustness remain challenging. In the present study, under mild conditions, a novel sheathed MOF fiber coating was fabricated via in situ heteroepitaxial growth of copper-2,5-diaminoterephthalate (Cu-DAT) crystals and subsequent polyimide (PI) sheath.

Uptake of pharmaceuticals acts as an abiotic stress and triggers variation of jasmonates in Malabar spinach (Basella alba. L).

In recent years, pharmaceuticals have received increasing attentions because of their potential risks to the environment, but researches focusing on their impacts on defense system of living plants are still lacking. As an important class of phytohormones, jasmonates play crucial roles in plant defense system against environmental stress. In order to investigate the effect of pharmaceuticals uptake on endogenous jasmonates, an in vivo solid phase microextraction (SPME) method was established to simultaneously detect and monitor both pharmaceuticals and jasmonates in living plants.