Associations of diet with infectious diseases in UK Biobank.

This research aims to utilize multivariate logistic regression to explore associations between the frequency of 13 food groups intake (or four diet groups) and infectious diseases. 487849 participants from the UK Biobank were enrolled, and 75209 participants were diagnosed with infectious diseases. Participants reporting the highest intake frequency of processed meat [odds ratio ( ) = 1.

Gut microbial features may influence antiviral IgG levels after vaccination against viral respiratory infectious diseases: the evidence from two-sample bidirectional mendelian randomization.

Background: Vaccination is effective in preventing viral respiratory infectious diseases through protective antibodies and the gut microbiome has been proven to regulate human immunity. This study explores the causal correlations between gut microbial features and serum-specific antiviral immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels.

Methods: We conduct a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data to explore the causal relationships between 412 gut microbial features and four antiviral IgG (for influenza A, measles, rubella, and mumps) levels.

Effect of multicomponent intervention on malnutrition in older adults: A multicenter randomized clinical trial.

Background & Aims: Malnutrition is a significant geriatric syndrome (GS) prevalent in older adults and seriously affects patient prognosis and quality of life. We assessed the impact of the multicomponent intervention of health education, dietary advice, and exercise with oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) on nutritional status, body composition, physical functions, and quality of life.

Methods: This multicenter randomized clinical trial (RCT) was performed from April 2021 to April 2022.

Leveraging baseline transcriptional features and information from single-cell data to power the prediction of influenza vaccine response.

Introduction: Vaccination is still the primary means for preventing influenza virus infection, but the protective effects vary greatly among individuals. Identifying individuals at risk of low response to influenza vaccination is important. This study aimed to explore improved strategies for constructing predictive models of influenza vaccine response using gene expression data.

Integrating single-cell RNA sequencing data to genome-wide association analysis data identifies significant cell types in influenza A virus infection and COVID-19.

With the global pandemic of COVID-19, the research on influenza virus has entered a new stage, but it is difficult to elucidate the pathogenesis of influenza disease. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have greatly shed light on the role of host genetic background in influenza pathogenesis and prognosis, whereas single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has enabled unprecedented resolution of cellular diversity and in vivo following influenza disease. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of influenza GWAS and scRNA-seq data to reveal cell types associated with influenza disease and provide clues to understanding pathogenesis.

Prognostic significance of frailty in hospitalized elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Frailty is associated with poor prognosis in a wide range of illnesses. However, its prognostic implications for older patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) are not adequately addressed.

Methods: In this study, patients were classified into 3 groups according to the frailty index based on standard laboratory tests (FI-Lab) score: robust (FI-Lab < 0.

Association of frailty with clinical outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A retrospective longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Frailty is a clinical syndrome and common phenomenon in the elderly, particularly when it coexists with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the relationship between frailty and its prognosis in COPD patients has not been clearly elucidated.

Methods: We collected electronic data of inpatients who were diagnosed with COPD in the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University (NJMU) from January 2018 to December 2020.

Using multi-tissue transcriptome-wide association study to identify candidate susceptibility genes for respiratory infectious diseases.

We explore the candidate susceptibility genes for influenza A virus (IAV), measles, rubella, and mumps and their underlying biological mechanisms. We downloaded the genome-wide association study summary data of four virus-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) level data sets (anti-IAV IgG, anti-measles IgG, anti-rubella IgG, and anti-mumps virus IgG levels) and integrated them with reference models of three potential tissues from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project, namely, whole blood, lung, and transformed fibroblast cells, to identify genes whose expression is predicted to be associated with IAV, measles, mumps, and rubella. We identified 19 significant genes (ULK4, AC010132.

Associations of socioeconomic status with infectious diseases mediated by lifestyle, environmental pollution and chronic comorbidities: a comprehensive evaluation based on UK Biobank.

Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) inequity was recognized as a driver of some certain infectious diseases. However, few studies evaluated the association between SES and the burden of overall infections, and even fewer identified preventable mediators. This study aimed to assess the association between SES and overall infectious diseases burden, and the potential roles of factors including lifestyle, environmental pollution, chronic disease history.