Publications by authors named "Junko Kosaka"

Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is widely used to control fluid balance, but the optimal fluid balance to improve the prognosis of patients remains debated. Appropriate fluid management may depend on hemodynamic status. We investigated the association between 90-day mortality and fluid balance/mean arterial pressure (MAP) in patients receiving CRRT.

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The Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines are currently used in acute kidney injury (AKI) diagnosis and include both serum creatinine (SCR) and urine output (UO) criteria. Currently, many AKI-related studies have inconsistently defined AKI, which possibly affects the comparison of their results. Therefore, we hypothesized that the different criteria in the KDIGO guidelines vary in measuring the incidence of AKI and its association with clinical outcomes.

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Liberation from mechanical ventilation is of great importance owing to related complications from extended ventilation time. In this prospective multicenter study, we aimed to construct a versatile model for predicting extubation outcomes in critical care settings using obtainable physiological predictors. The study included patients who had been extubated after a successful 30 min spontaneous breathing trial (SBT).

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Background: Anaesthesia-induced changes in renal perfusion are dependent on the choice of anaesthetic agent. However, the effects of varying inspired oxygen fraction (FiO) on renal perfusion and oxygenation during TIVA (propofol + fentanyl) or volatile anaesthesia (VA; isoflurane) are unknown.

Methods: In 16 Merino ewes, we surgically implanted a renal artery flow probe and laser-Doppler and oxygen-sensing probes in the renal medulla and cortex.

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Background: The carotid artery blood flow (CABF) or cerebral blood flow (CBF) achieved with current techniques of cardiac compression in humans are unknown. Animal experiments may provide useful information on such flows and on possible techniques to optimize them.

Objectives: To obtain an estimate of carotid and cerebral blood flows during cardiac compression with different techniques.

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Background: Global and intra-renal perfusion and oxygenation may be affected by the choice of anaesthetic. We compared the effects of isoflurane with those of propofol and fentanyl on renal blood flow (RBF) and intra-renal perfusion and oxygenation, and assessed how these were associated with renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA).

Methods: A renal artery flow probe and laser Doppler and oxygen-sensing probes were surgically implanted in the renal medulla and cortex in 20 Merino ewes.

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Objectives: To examine the effects of fluid bolus therapy on systemic hemodynamics, renal blood flow, intrarenal perfusion and oxygenation, PO2, renal function, and fluid balance in experimental early septic acute kidney injury.

Design: Interventional study.

Setting: Research institute.

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Expansion of extracellular fluid volume with crystalloid solutions is a common medical intervention, but its effects on renal cortical and medullary oxygenation are poorly understood. Therefore, we instrumented sheep under general anesthesia to enable continuous measurement of systemic and renal hemodynamics, global renal oxygen delivery and consumption, and intrarenal tissue perfusion and oxygen tension (Po) in conscious animals ( n = 7). The effects of three sequential intermittent infusions of 500 ml of compound sodium lactate solution, administered at hourly intervals, were determined.

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The development of acute kidney injury (AKI) is both a significant and independent prognostic factor of mortality in patients with sepsis, but its pathophysiology remains unclear. Herein, we describe an ovine model of sepsis evoked by the administration of live Escherichia coli in which there is hypotension, peripheral vasodilatation with a large increase in cardiac output; a similar hyperdynamic state to that commonly reported in humans. Interestingly, in this sheep model of sepsis, despite an increase in global kidney blood flow, there is a progressive reduction in renal function.

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Objectives: Albumin is used to resuscitate trauma patients but may increase intracranial pressure (ICP). Its effects on renal blood flow and function are unknown. Our aim was to examine the effects of hypertonic albumin on ICP and renal function, and if any effects are due to the hypotonicity of the solution containing albumin or to albumin itself.

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Objectives: Angiotensin II is an emerging therapy for septic acute kidney injury, but it is unknown if its vasoconstrictor action induces renal hypoxia. We therefore examined the effects of angiotensin II on intrarenal PO2 in ovine sepsis. We also assessed the validity of urinary PO2 as a surrogate measure of medullary PO2.

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Background: Cerebral protection is a key priority during cardiac arrest (CA). However, current approaches are suboptimal.

Objective: To test whether direct perfusion and cooling of the anterior cerebral circulation by means of cerebral vessel cannulation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) increases cerebral oxygenation and induces cerebral hypothermia during CA.

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Norepinephrine is the principal vasopressor used to restore blood pressure in sepsis, but its effects on intrarenal oxygenation are unknown. To clarify this, we examined renal cortical, medullary, and urinary oxygenation in ovine septic acute kidney injury and the response to resuscitation with norepinephrine. A renal artery flow probe and fiberoptic probes were placed in the cortex and medulla of sheep to measure tissue perfusion and oxygenation.

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Objective: The histopathologic changes associated with septic acute kidney injury are poorly understood, in part, because of the lack of biopsy data in humans. Animal models of septic acute kidney injury may help define such changes. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of the histopathologic changes found in modern experimental septic acute kidney injury models.

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Objectives: In sepsis, prolonged, sympathetic overstimulation may lead to vasopressor-refractory hypotension. We therefore examined the effects of the α2-adrenergic agonist clonidine on mean arterial pressure, renal sympathetic nerve activity, and pressor responsiveness to phenylephrine and angiotensin II during hypotensive sepsis in conscious sheep.

Design: Interventional study.

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Hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation induces pulmonary inflammation that leads to acute lung injury. Biliverdin, a metabolite of heme catabolism, has been shown to have potent cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant effects. This study aimed to examine the effects of intravenous biliverdin administration on lung injury induced by hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in rats.

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When treating advanced and metastatic breast cancer patients with chemotherapy, it is mandatory to maintain the patients quality of life while keeping an acceptable level of antitumor activity. For these purposes, oral administration of S-1, fluorinated pyrimidine, is a good choice of treatment. Conventionally, a 4-week administration followed by a 2-week rest has been the treatment of choice with S-1.

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We report successful anesthetic management of a 38-year-old man with thyroid storm using an ultra-short acting beta blocker, landiolol. The patient was admitted to the hospital for severe abdominal pain. An emergency laparotomy was scheduled for perforated gastric ulcer under a condition of uncontrolled thyrotoxicosis.

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The number of those who need nursing care and the workers who provide it have been increasing year after year. In April 2000, the public nursing care insurance system was enacted by the Japanese government. After its enaction, care equipment came under scrutiny, but the situation regarding the installation of equipment is not fully understood.

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In order to evaluate the load on the low back of care workers in nursing homes for the elderly, basic activities and working postures were analyzed for six care workers using the 30-s snap reading method. The trunk inclination angle (TIA) was also measured continuously using an inclination monitor. The analysis of basic activities showed that 22.

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