Activating transcription factor 4-dependent hsa-miR-663a transcription mediates mTORC1/p70S6K1 signaling underleucine deprivation.

The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is involved in nutrient-induced signaling and is a master regulator of cell growth and metabolism. Amino acid-deficient conditions affect mTORC1 activity; however, its upstream regulators warrant further investigation. MicroRNAs are key regulators of nutrient-related responses; therefore, the present study aimed to assess the leucine starvation-induced microRNA profile and its impact on mTORC1 activity.

Dietary Genistein Prevents Denervation-Induced Muscle Atrophy in Male Rodents via Effects on Estrogen Receptor-α.

Background: Genistein has high estrogenic activity. Previous studies have shown beneficial effects of estrogen or hormone replacement therapy on muscle mass and muscle atrophy.

Objective: We investigated the preventive effects and underlying mechanisms of genistein on muscle atrophy.

Adverse effects of excessive leucine intake depend on dietary protein intake: a transcriptomic analysis to identify useful biomarkers.

The present study was conducted to identify reliable gene biomarkers for the adverse effects of excessive leucine (Leu) in Sprague-Dawley rats by DNA microarray. It has long been known that the adverse effects of excessive amino acid intake depend on dietary protein levels. Male rats were divided into 12 groups (n=6) and fed for 1 wk a diet containing low (6%), moderate (12%) or high (40%) protein.