A case of development of autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis during the treatment of hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Herein, we report the case of a 73-year-old woman with an occupational history of plaster grinding who developed autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) during the treatment of fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis with steroids and immunosuppressive drugs. Based on the changes in computed tomography imaging findings, poor response to steroid therapy, and markedly elevated KL-6 levels, PAP was suspected and diagnosed by bronchoscopy. Repeated segmental bronchoalveolar lavage under high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy resulted in slight improvement.

False-positive Elevation of Beta-D-glucan and Aspergillus Galactomannan Levels Due to Mendelson's Syndrome after Rice Aspiration.

Both 1,3-beta-D-glucan (BDG) and galactomannan (GM) are polysaccharide components of the fungal cell wall. Although elevated levels of serum BDG and Aspergillus GM suggest invasive fungal infection or Pneumocystis pneumonia and aspergillosis, respectively, it is also necessary to consider the possibility of false-positives. We herein report a 68-year-old man with marked elevation in serum BDG and GM levels accompanied by Mendelson's syndrome after rice aspiration.

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-negative granulomatosis with polyangiitis localized to the lungs.

Patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), formerly known as Wegener's granulomatosis, sometimes exhibit no clinical features. Here, we describe a case of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-negative GPA presenting with only lung granuloma. A 55-year-old woman with a right upper lung mass underwent lobectomy for suspected lung cancer; however, only granuloma was detected, and the etiology was not identified.

The 1-minute sit-to-stand test to detect desaturation during 6-minute walk test in interstitial lung disease.

Although the 6 min walk test (6MWT) is well-established for assessing desaturation in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD), it cannot be easily performed in primary healthcare settings. This retrospective observational study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the 1 min sit-to-stand test (1STST) for assessing desaturation during 6MWT in ILD patients with normal resting blood oxygen levels. We included 116 patients, and the pulse oxygen saturation (SpO) for both methods was analyzed.

Non-pneumophila species pneumonia with orange-coloured sputum.

We herein report an immunocompromised patient familiar with gardening admitted to our hospital suffering from severe pneumonia caused by . We suspected non-pneumophila species pneumonia because of gardening habits, the negative urine antigen test and the non-significant Gram staining results of orange-coloured sputum. The pathogen was identified using mass spectrometry analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

Abundant TNF-LIGHT expression in the airways of patients with asthma with persistent airflow limitation: Association with nitrative and inflammatory profiles.

Background: The role of the inflammatory secretory protein TNF-LIGHT (LIGHT) in the molecular mechanisms underlying persistent airflow limitation (PAL) in asthma remains unclear. We hypothesized that high airway LIGHT expression may be a feature of asthma with PAL associated with specific expression patterns of inflammatory molecules.

Methods: This hypothesis was tested in 16 patients with asthma on inhaled corticosteroid treatment.

Comorbid Conditions in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Unmet Needs.

The management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has improved significantly due to advances in therapeutic agents, but it has also become apparent that there are issues that remain difficult to solve with the current treatment algorithm. COPD patients face a number of unmet needs concerning symptoms, exacerbations, and physical inactivity. There are various risk factors and triggers for these unmet needs, which can be roughly divided into two categories.