Substance migration in the synthesis of single-atom catalysts.

Substance migration is universal and crucial in the synthesis of catalysts, which directly affects their existing form and the micro-structure of their active sites. Realizing migration during the synthesis of single-atom catalysts (SACs) is beneficial for not only increasing their metal loading capacity but also manipulating the electronic structures (coordination structure, long-range interactions, ) of their metal sites. This review summarizes the thermodynamics and kinetic processes involved in the synthesis of SACs to unveil the fundamental principles involved in their synthesis.

Preventive effect of foam rolling on muscle soreness after exercise: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of foam rolling (FR) on exercise-induced muscle soreness.

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, ProQuest, Cochrane Library and China National Knowledge databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the effect of FR intervening muscle soreness after exercise, from their inception to August 2022. The outcome indicators were visual analogue scale (VAS) and pressure-pain threshold (PPT).

Polydopamine-functionalized calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite 3D-printed scaffold with sustained doxorubicin release for synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy of osteosarcoma and accelerated bone regeneration.

Interior bone-tissue regeneration and rapid tumor recurrence post-resection are critical challenges in osteosarcoma and other bone cancers. Conventional bone tissue engineering scaffolds lack inhibitory effects on bone tumor recurrence. Herein, multifunctional scaffolds (named DOX/PDA@CDHA) were designed through the spontaneous polymerization of Dopamine (PDA) on the surface of Calcium Deficient Hydroxyapatite (CDHA) scaffolds, followed by in situ loading of the chemotherapeutic drug Doxorubicin (DOX).

Au Cluster-Nanoparticle Dual Coupling for Photocatalytic CO Conversion.

CO-selective photoreduction to value-added products is ideal, but its practical application suffers from weak photogenerated carrier separation and insufficient multielectron transport. Herein, we constructed the tricomponent AuNPs@SnO-AuNCs hybrid by decorating Au nanoclusters (AuNCs) on the Au nanoparticle (AuNPs)@SnO core-shell structure. AuNC-NP dual coupling endowed AuNPs@SnO-AuNCs with an excellent CO yield of 64.

Ni Cluster-Decorated Single-Atom Catalysts Achieve Near-Unity CO-to-CO Conversion with an Ultrawide Potential Window of ≈1.7 V.

Developing efficient electrocatalysts for CO reduction to CO within a broad potential range is meaningful for cascade application integration. In this work, hydrogen spillover is created and utilized to cultivate a proton-rich environment via the simple thermolysis of a Ni-doped Zn coordination polymer (Zn CPs (Ni)) to create asymmetric Ni single atoms co-located with adjacent Ni nanoclusters on nitrogen-doped carbon, termed as Ni/N-C, which expedites the hydrogenation of adsorbed CO. Therefore, the sample demonstrates near-unity CO-to-CO conversion efficiency under pH-universal conditions in ultra-wide potential windows: -0.

Flexible and high-strength bioactive glass fiber membrane for bone regeneration with the aid of alkoxysilane sol spinnability.

In this research, the spinnability of bioactive glass (BG) precursor solution was supplied by alkoxysilane sol with appropriate molar ratio of HO/silicon (R) to prepare bioactive glass fiber membrane (BFM) using electrospinning (ES) technique. Alkoxysilane could form a linear or chain-like colloidal aggregation in hydrolysis-polycondensation with R = 2 or so, thereby exhibiting good spinnability. Therefore, the role of polymer binders could be largely replaced.

Inflammation-free electrochemical in vivo sensing of dopamine with atomic-level engineered antioxidative single-atom catalyst.

Electrochemical methods with tissue-implantable microelectrodes provide an excellent platform for real-time monitoring the neurochemical dynamics in vivo due to their superior spatiotemporal resolution and high selectivity and sensitivity. Nevertheless, electrode implantation inevitably damages the brain tissue, upregulates reactive oxygen species level, and triggers neuroinflammatory response, resulting in unreliable quantification of neurochemical events. Herein, we report a multifunctional sensing platform for inflammation-free in vivo analysis with atomic-level engineered Fe single-atom catalyst that functions as both single-atom nanozyme with antioxidative activity and electrode material for dopamine oxidation.

Multifunctional Bionic Periosteum with Ion Sustained-Release for Bone Regeneration.

In this study, a novel bionic periosteum (BP)-bioactive glass fiber membrane (BGFM) is designed. The introduction of magnesium ion (Mg) and zinc ion (Zn) change the phase separation during the electrospinning (ES) jet stretching process. The fiber's pore structure transitions from connected to closed pores, resulting in a decrease in the rapid release of metal ions while also improving degradation via reducing filling quality.

MgSiO Fiber Membrane Scaffold with Triggered Drug Delivery for Osteosarcoma Synergetic Therapy and Bone Regeneration.

In this research, a novel MgSiO fiber membrane (MSFM) loaded with indocyanine green (ICG) and doxorubicin (DOX) was prepared. Because of MgSiO's unique lamellar structure composed of a silicon-oxygen tetrahedron, magnesium ion (Mg) moves easily and can be further replaced with other cations. Therefore, because of the positively charged functional group of ICG, MSFM has a rather high drug loading for ICG.

Asymmetrically Coordinated Calcium Single Atom for High-Performance Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

S-block single atoms represent an ideal catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) as they can suppress the Fenton reaction. However, the symmetry of the s/p orbitals tends to generate either an excessively strong or weak interaction with intermediates. Herein, Ca single atoms coordinated with -S, -OP, and three N atoms (Ca/NPS-HC) were fabricated to modulate the adsorption of intermediates and promote the efficiency of s-block ORR catalysts.

Targeting SUMOylation with an injectable nanocomposite hydrogel to optimize radiofrequency ablation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Incomplete radiofrequency ablation (iRFA) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often leads to local recurrence and distant metastasis of the residual tumor. This is closely linked to the development of a tumor immunosuppressive environment (TIME). In this study, underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets involved in the formation of TIME in residual tumors following iRFA were explored.

pH-Universal Electrocatalytic CO Reduction with Ampere-Level Current Density on Doping-Engineered Bismuth Sulfide.

The practical application of the electrocatalytic CO reduction reaction (CORR) to form formic acid fuel is hindered by the limited activation of CO molecules and the lack of universal feasibility across different pH levels. Herein, we report a doping-engineered bismuth sulfide pre-catalyst (BiS-1) that S is partially retained after electrochemical reconstruction into metallic Bi for CORR to formate/formic acid with ultrahigh performance across a wide pH range. The best BiS-1 maintains a Faraday efficiency (FE) of ~95 % at 2000 mA cm in a flow cell under neutral and alkaline solutions.

Effects of probiotic supplementation on 12 min run performance, mood management, body composition and gut microbiota in amateur marathon runners: A double-blind controlled trial.

Background: Probiotic supplementation has a positive effect on endurance exercise performance and body composition in athletes, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Gut microbiota can provide measurable markers of immune function in athletes, and microbial composition analysis may be sensitive enough to detect stress and metabolic disorders caused by exercise.

Methods: Nineteen healthy active amateur marathon runners (15 male and 4 female) with a mean age of 29.

Photocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde under visible light using BiVO-TiO synthesized via ultrasonic blending.

Formaldehyde (HCHO) is one of the primary indoor air pollutants, and efficiently eliminating it, especially at low concentrations, remains challenging. In this study, BiVO-TiO catalyst was developed using ultrasonic blending technology for the photocatalytic oxidation of low-level indoor HCHO. The crystal structure, surface morphology, element distribution, and active oxidation species of the catalyst were examined using XRD, SEM, TEM, UV-Vis, EDS, and ESR techniques.

Boron in the Second Coordination Sphere of Fe Single Atom Boosts the Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Metal single atoms coordinated with four nitrogen atoms (MN) are regarded as tremendously promising catalysts for the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Nevertheless, the strong bond intensity between the metal center and the O atom in oxygen-containing intermediates significantly limits the ORR activity of MN. Herein, the catalytically active B atom is successfully introduced into the second coordination sphere of the Fe single atom (FeN-B-C) to realize the alternative binding of B and O atoms and thus facilitate the ORR activity.

A replacement strategy for regulating local environment of single-atom Co-SN catalysts to facilitate CO electroreduction.

The performances of single-atom catalysts are governed by their local coordination environments. Here, a thermal replacement strategy is developed for the synthesis of single-atom catalysts with precisely controlled and adjustable local coordination environments. A series of Co-SN (x = 0, 1, 2, 3) single-atom catalysts are successfully synthesized by thermally replacing coordinated N with S at elevated temperature, and a volcano relationship between coordinations and catalytic performances toward electrochemical CO reduction is observed.

Chemically Tailored Single Atoms for Targeted and Light-Controlled Bactericidal Activity.

Single-atom (SA) nanoparticles exhibit considerable potential in terms of photothermal properties for bactericidal applications. Nevertheless, the restricted efficacy of their targeted and controlled antibacterial activity has hindered their practical implementation. This study aims to overcome this obstacle by employing chemical modifications to tailor SAs, thereby achieving targeted and light-controlled antimicrobial effects.

A universal approach to dual-metal-atom catalytic sites confined in carbon dots for various target reactions.

Here, a molecular-design and carbon dot-confinement coupling strategy through the pyrolysis of bimetallic complex of diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid under low-temperature is proposed as a universal approach to dual-metal-atom sites in carbon dots (DMASs-CDs). CDs as the "carbon islands" could block the migration of DMASs across "islands" to achieve dynamic stability. More than twenty DMASs-CDs with specific compositions of DMASs (pairwise combinations among Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Mo) have been synthesized successfully.

Correlating the valence state of a Cu-based electrocatalyst for CO reduction to C.

In this study, a facile ligand-protected strategy for preparing Cu@CuO and CuO nanoparticles is presented. The electrocatalyst efficacy of the CuO variant, particularly for CO reduction to multi-carbon products (C), is significant, boasting faradaic efficiencies (FEs) surpassing 85% and a current density peak at 340 mA cm. This exceptional performance markedly exceeds that of the Cu@CuO electrocatalyst.

Distinct dual enzyme-like activities of Fe-N-C single-atom nanozymes enable discriminative detection of cellular glutathione.

Fe-N-C single-atom nanozymes readily achieved discriminative detection of glutathione (GSH) over other biothiols with similar structure due to the difference between POD-like and OXD-like activities regarding the kind of reactive oxygen species. This colorimetric sensor demonstrated the heterogeneity of GSH levels in different cells and accurately monitored cellular GSH fluctuation.

Association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants and the risk of tuberculosis: A time-series study in Nantong, China.

Background: Increasing evidence has shown that the risk of tuberculosis (TB) might be related to the exposure to air pollutants; however, the findings are inconsistent and studies on long-term air pollutant exposure and TB risk are scarce. This study aime to assess the relationship between monthly exposure to air pollution and TB risk in Nantong, China.

Methods: We collected the time series data on the number of TB cases, as well as environmental and socioeconomic covariates from January 2005 to December 2020.

Acute effects of foam rolling and dynamic stretching on angle-specific change of direction ability, flexibility and reactive strength in male basketball players.

The purpose of our study was to determine the acute effects of dynamic stretching (DS), foam rolling (FR) and foam rolling combined with dynamic stretching (Combo) protocols on angle-specific change of direction (COD) ability, drop jump (DJ) performance and flexibility. Using a counterbalance crossover study design, eleven male basketball collegiate players (20.7 ± 0.

D-Band Center Optimization of Edge-Rich Ultrathin RuZn Nanosheets With Moiré Superlattices for pH-Universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a promising way to produce pure and clean hydrogen. However, the preparation of efficient and economical catalysts for pH-universal HER remains a challenging but rewarding task. Herein, ultrathin RuZn nanosheets (NSs) with moiré superlattices and abundant edges are synthesized.