Androgen receptor inhibition increases MHC Class I expression and improves immune response in prostate cancer.

Tumors escape immune detection and elimination through a variety of mechanisms. Here, we used prostate cancer as a model to examine how androgen-dependent tumors undergo immune evasion through downregulation of the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI). We report that response to immunotherapy in late-stage prostate cancer is associated with elevated MHC expression.

The association between cytomegalovirus infection and neurodegenerative diseases: a prospective cohort using UK Biobank data.

Background: Certain viral infections have been linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and five neurodegenerative diseases, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and related syndromes, Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and disorders of the autonomic nervous system (DANS).

Methods: This prospective cohort included white British individuals who underwent CMV testing in the UK Biobank from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2021.

Fresh fruit, dried fruit, raw vegetables, and cooked vegetables consumption associated with progression trajectory of type 2 diabetes: a multi-state analysis of a prospective cohort.

Purpose: To examine the effects of fresh fruit, dried fruit, raw vegetables, and cooked vegetables on type 2 diabetes (T2D) progression trajectory.

Methods: We included 429,886 participants in the UK Biobank who were free of diabetes and diabetes complications at baseline. Food groups were determined using a validated food frequency questionnaire.

Conditional survival probability of distant-metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma: A population-based study.

Background: The prognosis of many patients with distant metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) improved after they survived for several months. Compared with traditional survival analysis, conditional survival (CS) which takes into account changes in survival risk could be used to describe dynamic survival probabilities.

Aim: To evaluate CS of distant metastatic HCC patients.

Road traffic death coding quality in the WHO Mortality Database.

Objective: To evaluate the precision and dependability of road traffic mortality data recorded in the World Health Organization Mortality Database and investigate how uncorrected data influence vital mortality statistics used in traffic safety programmes worldwide.

Methods: We assessed country and territory-specific data quality from 2015 to 2020 by calculating the proportions of five types of nonspecific cause of death codes related to road traffic mortality. We compared age-adjusted road traffic mortality and changes in the average annual mortality rate before and after correcting the deaths with nonspecific codes.

The effects of long-term exposure to air pollution on incident mental disorders among patients with prediabetes and diabetes: Findings from a large prospective cohort.

Background: The association between air pollution and mental disorders has been widely documented in the general population. However, the evidence among susceptible populations, such as individuals with prediabetes or diabetes, is still insufficient.

Methods: We analyzed data from 48,515 participants with prediabetes and 24,393 participants with diabetes from the UK Biobank.

Product-related injury morbidity among Americans aged 0-19 years, 2001-2020.

Introduction: This study examined changes in product-related injury morbidity among under-20 Americans between 2001 and 2020.

Method: Product-related injury morbidity data came from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). Using age-standardized morbidity rates, the authors performed Joinpoint regression models to identify time periods with significant changes between 2001 and 2020 and quantified the annual magnitude of morbidity changes with annual percent changes (APCs) in rates and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs).

Recent advances in understanding DNA methylation of prostate cancer.

Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, is widely studied in cancer. DNA methylation patterns have been shown to distinguish between benign and malignant tumors in various cancers, including prostate cancer. It may also contribute to oncogenesis, as it is frequently associated with downregulation of tumor suppressor genes.

Ambient air pollution and incidence, progression to multimorbidity and death of hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease: A national prospective cohort.

Background: The link between ambient air pollution and the incidence of hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been widely studied. However, the associations of air pollution with the dynamic progression to multimorbidity and mortality of these diseases are unknown.

Methods: This study included 162,334 participants from the UK Biobank.

The Global Burden of Appendicitis in 204 Countries and Territories from 1990 to 2019.

Objective: Appendicitis is a common surgical emergency. This study aimed to estimate the worldwide burden and trends of appendicitis from 1990 to 2019.

Methods: Data on appendicitis were derived from the Global Burden of Disease 2019.

Histological types of lung cancer attributable to fine particulate, smoking, and genetic susceptibility.

Background: Fine particulate matter (PM), smoking, and genetic factors are associated with lung cancer. However, the relationship between PM, smoking and subtypes of lung cancer remains unclear. Moreover, it is unclear whether genetic risk modifies the impact of PM and smoking on incident lung cancer.

The cell-free DNA methylome captures distinctions between localized and metastatic prostate tumors.

Metastatic prostate cancer remains a major clinical challenge and metastatic lesions are highly heterogeneous and difficult to biopsy. Liquid biopsy provides opportunities to gain insights into the underlying biology. Here, using the highly sensitive enrichment-based sequencing technology, we provide analysis of 60 and 175 plasma DNA methylomes from patients with localized and metastatic prostate cancer, respectively.

The 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Landscape of Prostate Cancer.

Unlabelled: Analysis of DNA methylation is a valuable tool to understand disease progression and is increasingly being used to create diagnostic and prognostic clinical biomarkers. While conversion of cytosine to 5-methylcytosine (5mC) commonly results in transcriptional repression, further conversion to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is associated with transcriptional activation. Here we perform the first study integrating whole-genome 5hmC with DNA, 5mC, and transcriptome sequencing in clinical samples of benign, localized, and advanced prostate cancer.

Automated whole-slide images assessment of immune infiltration in resected non-small-cell lung cancer: towards better risk-stratification.

Background: High immune infiltration is associated with favourable prognosis in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but an automated workflow for characterizing immune infiltration, with high validity and reliability, remains to be developed.

Methods: We performed a multicentre retrospective study of patients with completely resected NSCLC. We developed an image analysis workflow for automatically evaluating the density of CD3 and CD8 T-cells in the tumour regions on immunohistochemistry (IHC)-stained whole-slide images (WSIs), and proposed an immune scoring system "I-score" based on the automated assessed cell density.

Coding quality of deaths and its impact on elderly unintentional fall mortality data from 1990 to 2019: a retrospective analysis of the WHO Mortality Database.

Background: Several studies have assessed the reporting quality of all-cause mortality data from the WHO Mortality Database, but little is known about coding quality and its impact on elderly unintentional fall mortality data worldwide. We aimed to assess the coding quality of deaths and its impact on elderly unintentional fall mortality.

Methods: Using data from the WHO Mortality Database, 1990-2019, we calculated the number of countries/territories that had mortality data in the database, and the proportion of deaths with five types of problematic codes based on the 10th International Classification of Disease (unspecified deaths, injury deaths with undetermined intent, unspecified unintentional injury, unintentional falls with unspecified mechanism, unintentional falls with unknown occurrence place).

An integrated functional and clinical genomics approach reveals genes driving aggressive metastatic prostate cancer.

Genomic sequencing of thousands of tumors has revealed many genes associated with specific types of cancer. Similarly, large scale CRISPR functional genomics efforts have mapped genes required for cancer cell proliferation or survival in hundreds of cell lines. Despite this, for specific disease subtypes, such as metastatic prostate cancer, there are likely a number of undiscovered tumor specific driver genes that may represent potential drug targets.

Changes in Six-Month Prevalence of Circulatory System Diseases among People Aged 20 Years and Older between 2013 and 2018 in Hunan, China.

Recent changes in population-based prevalence for circulatory system diseases (CSDs) remain unreported either nationally or locally for China. Data were from the two-round health service household interview survey of Hunan Province, China, in 2013 and 2018. A Rao-Scott chi-square test was performed to examine prevalence differences across socio-demographic variables.

CRISPRi screens reveal a DNA methylation-mediated 3D genome dependent causal mechanism in prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) risk-associated SNPs are enriched in noncoding cis-regulatory elements (rCREs), yet their modi operandi and clinical impact remain elusive. Here, we perform CRISPRi screens of 260 rCREs in PCa cell lines. We find that rCREs harboring high risk SNPs are more essential for cell proliferation and H3K27ac occupancy is a strong indicator of essentiality.

Road traffic injury mortality and morbidity by country development status, 2011-2017.

Purpose: This research examined road traffic injury mortality and morbidity disparities across of country development status, and discussed the possibility of reducing country disparities by various actions to accelerate the pace of achieving Sustainable Development Goals target 3.6 - to halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents by 2020.

Methods: Data for road traffic mortality, morbidity, and socio-demographic index (SDI) were extracted by country from the estimates of the Global Burden of Disease study, and the implementation of the three types of national actions (legislation, prioritized vehicle safety standards, and trauma-related post-crash care service) were extracted from the Global Status Report on Road Safety by World Health Organization.

A sodium percarbonate/ultraviolet system generated free radicals for degrading capsaicin to alleviate inhibition of methane production during anaerobic digestion of lipids and food waste.

To alleviate inhibition of anaerobic digestion caused by capsaicin, which is easily soluble in the lipid components of food waste (FW), an advanced oxidation process with sodium percarbonate/ultraviolet (SPC/UV) was used to generate free radicals for degrading capsaicin and recovering methane production. Free radical sweeping showed that the free radicals OH, O and CO worked together to degrade capsaicin. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that capsaicin likely had four degradation pathways via conversion into benzoquinone, and finally into carbon dioxide and water.

A novel pilot-scale installation integrated of improved sieve-tray tower and wet electrostatic precipitator for paint mist removal.

In order to overcome the problem of decrease of the spraying exhausts purification efficiency caused by the paint mist, the installation combining of the improved sieve-tray tower and the wet electrostatic precipitator (WEP) was used for the treatment of the pilot-scale 1,000 m paint waste gas. The characteristics of paint mist were investigated, showing that the size distribution of oil-based paint mist located in the range of 5.4-43.

Inhibition of N-Vanillylnonanamide in anaerobic digestion of lipids in food waste: Microorganisms damage and blocked electron transfer.

To study the inhibited degradation metabolism and anaerobic digestion of typical lipids in food waste, an artificially produced capsaicin, N-Vanillylnonanamide, a typical soluble component in waste lipids, was added to a glycerol trioleate anaerobic digestion system. The microorganisms damage and blocked electron transfer caused by N-Vanillylnonanamide during anaerobic digestion were further clarified. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images demonstrated that N-Vanillylnonanamide (≥4 wt%) structurally damaged microorganisms via cell membrane breakage, which impair their function.