Visible-Light-Induced Cascade Radical Trifluoromethylation/Cyclization/Dearomatization of Isocyanide-Containing Indoles: Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated 3-Spiroindolines.

A visible-light-induced cascade radical trifluoromethylation/cyclization/dearomatization reaction between isocyanide-containing indoles and CFBr has been developed to afford trifluoromethylated spiro[indole-3,3-quinoline] and spiro [indole-3,3-pyrrole] derivatives in good yields. The utility of the process is demonstrated by a scale-up experiment. The mechanism was proposed based on the control experiments.

Synthesis of 3,5-bis(fluoroalkyl)pyrazoles/pyrazolines [3 + 2] cycloaddition of di/trifluoroacetohydrazonoyl bromides and trifluoromethyl-substituted alkenes.

An efficient [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of difluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl hydrazonoyl bromides with trifluoromethyl-substituted alkenes was investigated to produce a variety of 3,5-bis(fluoroalkyl)pyrazoles/pyrazolines in moderate to good yields. This protocol features obvious advantages such as easily available and stable substrates, step economy, gram-scalability and simple operation, providing a novel and practical method for the preparation of 3,5-bis(fluoroalkyl)pyrazoles/pyrazolines.

Sesquiterpene-enriched extract of Chinese agarwood (Aquilaria sinensis) alleviates bile reflux gastritis through suppression of gastric mucosal cell apoptosis via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Chinese agarwood (Aquilaria sinensis) has been a traditional treatment for digestive disorders in South and East Asia. While sesquiterpenes are recognized as the key active constituents of Chinese agarwood, the efficacy and mechanism of the sesquiterpene-enriched extract of Chinese agarwood (PEE) on bile reflux gastritis (BRG) remain unclear.

Aim Of The Study: To explore the protective impact of PEE against BRG and unveil its underlying mechanism in suppressing apoptosis of gastric mucosal cells.

[Effects of Microplastics on Soil NO Emission and Nitrogen Transformations from Tropical Agricultural Soils].

A widespread concern had been there regarding soil ecological and environmental problems caused by microplastic pollution in agricultural soils. A controlled laboratory incubation experiment was performed to examine the effects of different types of microplastics on soil properties, NO emissions, and nitrogen （N） transformations in tropical arable soils from a pepper-corn cropping system in Hainan Province. Three treatments were done： soil without microplastics （CK） and soil amended with 5% of polyethylene （PE） or with 5% of polybutylene adipate co-terephthalate （PBAT）.

[Effect and mechanism of EtOAc extract of Draconis Sanguis onimproving atherosclerosis in ApoE~(-/-) mice].

This study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of the EtO Ac extract of Draconis Sanguis(DSE) on improving athero sclerosis in ApoE gene knockout(ApoE~(-/-)) mice. The ApoE~(-/-) mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group, mo delgroup, positive group treated with ezetimibe of 5 mg·kg~(-1)(EG), and low(100 mg·kg~(-1)) and high dose(200 mg·kg~(-1)) groups ofDSE. xcept for the control group, all other groups were fed a high-fat diet and administered drugs for 16 successive weeks.

Synthesis of Fully Substituted Difluoromethylpyrazoles by Cyclization of Difluoroacetohydrazonoyl Bromides with 2-Acylacetonitriles or Malononitrile.

A concise and efficient method for the construction of fully substituted difluoromethylpyrazoles is achieved by a cyclization reaction between difluoroacetohydrazonoyl bromides and 2-acylacetonitrile or malononitrile. The method features advantages such as mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, good product yields, and high regioselectivity.

[3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Vinylsulfonium Salts with Hydrazonoyl Halides: Synthesis of Pyrazoles.

An efficient [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between generated nitrile imines from hydrazonoyl halides and vinylsulfonium salts is developed. The nitrile imines are demonstrated to be a new class of reaction partner for vinylsulfonium salts to conduct the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. The process provides a concise and efficient method for the construction of pyrazole derivatives under mild reaction conditions with broad substrate scope, good product yields, and high regioselectivity.

Baoyuan decoction inhibits atherosclerosis progression through suppression peroxidized fatty acid and Src/MKK4/JNK pathway-mediated CD 36 expression.

Background: Baoyuan decoction (BYD) has been widely utilized as a traditional prescription for the treatment of various conditions such as coronary heart disease, aplastic anemia, and chronic renal failure. However, its potential efficacy in improving atherosclerosis has not yet been investigated.

Purpose: Our research aimed to assess the potential of BYD as an inhibitor of atherosclerosis and uncover the underlying mechanism by which it acts on foam cell formation.

Synthesis of difluoromethylated spiropyrazolones [3 + 2] cycloaddition of difluoroacetohydrazonoyl bromides with alkylidene pyrazolones.

An effective [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of difluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl hydrazonoyl bromides with alkylidene pyrazolones was disclosed. This method provides an efficient approach for accessing a variety of highly functionalized fluoroalkyl spiropyrazolones in good yields. This protocol also features some advantages such as easily available and stable substrates, simple operation procedures, and atom and step economy.

The cyclization/rearrangement of α-hydroxy ketones with trifluoromethyl -acylhydrazones to synthesize multi-substituted trifluoromethyloxazolines.

A highly efficient and metal-free [3+2] cyclization/rearrangement reaction toward the synthesis of multisubstituted trifluoromethyloxazolines from α-hydroxyketones and trifluoromethyl -acylhydrazones has been developed. The unprecedented rearrangement of the amide fragment under acidic conditions after cleavage of the N-N bond of acylhydrazones has opened up new avenues for the development of reactions involving trifluoromethyl -acylhydrazones. DFT calculations show that the mechanism involves multiple proton transfer processes.

2-(2-Phenylethyl)chromone-enriched extract of Chinese agarwood (Aquilaria sinensis) inhibits atherosclerosis progression through endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated CD36 expression in macrophages.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Chinese agarwood, derived from the Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg (Thymelaeaceae), has a long history of use in Traditional Chinese Medicine for the management of cardiovascular disease. However, the specific active ingredients responsible for its impact on atherosclerosis are yet to be fully understood.

Synthesis of 3(2)-furanone derivatives: -TsOH/halotrimethylsilane promoted cycloketonization of -hydroxyl ynones.

A -TsOH/halotrimethylsilane facilitated cycloketonization of -hydroxyl ynones is detailed. This methodology enables the one-step synthesis of polysubstituted 3(2)-furanone products. It is remarkable that the reaction exhibits excellent regio- and chemoselectivity by the addition of very small quantities of -toluenesulfonic acid and water.

Selective binding of retrotransposons by ZFP352 facilitates the timely dissolution of totipotency network.

Acquisition of new stem cell fates relies on the dissolution of the prior regulatory network sustaining the existing cell fates. Currently, extensive insights have been revealed for the totipotency regulatory network around the zygotic genome activation (ZGA) period. However, how the dissolution of the totipotency network is triggered to ensure the timely embryonic development following ZGA is largely unknown.

Visible-Light-Induced Four-Component Ritter-Type Reaction: Access to β-Trifluoromethyl Imides.

A visible-light-induced four-component Ritter-type reaction was developed for the synthesis of β-trifluoromethyl imides from CFBr, alkenes, carboxylic acids, and nitriles. This protocol features mild reaction conditions, a broad substrate scope, and excellent functional group compatibility. Furthermore, this method has been proven to be suitable for the late-stage diversification of drug molecules.

Visible Light Promotes Cascade Trifluoromethylation/Cyclization, Leading to Trifluoromethylated Polycyclic Quinazolinones, Benzimidazoles and Indoles.

Efficient visible-light-induced radical cascade trifluoromethylation/cyclization of inactivated alkenes with CFBr, which is a nonhygroscopic, noncorrosive, cheap and industrially abundant chemical, was developed in this work, producing trifluoromethyl polycyclic quinazolinones, benzimidazoles and indoles under mild reaction conditions. The method features wide functional group compatibility and a broad substrate scope, offering a facile strategy to pharmaceutically produce valuable CF-containing polycyclic -heterocycles.

Metaomics in Clinical Laboratory: Potential Driving Force for Innovative Disease Diagnosis.

Currently, more and more studies suggested that reductionism was lack of holistic and integrative view of biological processes, leading to limited understanding of complex systems like microbiota and the associated diseases. In fact, microbes are rarely present in individuals but normally live in complex multispecies communities. With the recent development of a variety of metaomics techniques, microbes could be dissected dynamically in both temporal and spatial scales.

Photoinduced Trifluoromethylation with CFBr as a Trifluoromethyl Source: Synthesis of α-CF-Substituted Ketones.

An efficient and novel photoinduced trifluoromethylation employing CFBr as a trifluoromethyl source is described. With commercially accessible -Ir(ppy) as the catalyst, radical trifluoromethylation between -silyl enol ether and CFBr occurs successfully. This method provides various α-CF-substituted ketones with a broad substrate scope in good yields under mild reaction conditions.

Synthesis of 3-Trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazolines and 1,2,4-Triazoles via Tandem Addition/Cyclization of Trifluoromethyl -Acylhydrazones with Cyanamide.

A tandem addition/cyclization reaction between trifluoromethyl -acylhydrazones and cyanamide is described, which provides a novel and efficient process for the synthesis of polysubstituted 3-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazolines and their derivatives. The method has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, a broad substrate scope, good product yields, and atom economy.

A Non-Degradative Extraction Method for Molecular Structure Characterization of Bacterial Glycogen Particles.

Currently, there exist a variety of glycogen extraction methods, which either damage glycogen spatial structure or only partially extract glycogen, leading to the biased characterization of glycogen fine molecular structure. To understand the dynamic changes of glycogen structures and the versatile functions of glycogen particles in bacteria, it is essential to isolate glycogen with minimal degradation. In this study, a mild glycogen isolation method is demonstrated by using cold-water (CW) precipitation via sugar density gradient ultra-centrifugation (SDGU-CW).

Discrimination between Carbapenem-Resistant and Carbapenem-Sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains through Computational Analysis of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectra: a Pilot Study.

In clinical settings, rapid and accurate diagnosis of antibiotic resistance is essential for the efficient treatment of bacterial infections. Conventional methods for antibiotic resistance testing are time consuming, while molecular methods such as PCR-based testing might not accurately reflect phenotypic resistance. Thus, fast and accurate methods for the analysis of bacterial antibiotic resistance are in high demand for clinical applications.

Synthesis of Difluoromethylated Pyrazoles by the [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Difluoroacetohydrazonoyl Bromides.

As novel and efficient difluoromethyl building blocks, difluoroacetohydrazonoyl bromides have been synthesized for the first time. The synthetic utility of this reagent for the construction of difluoromethyl organic compounds is demonstrated by their effective regioselective [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions with ynones, alkynoates, and ynamides. The reactions provide a novel and efficient protocol to access difluoromethyl-substituted pyrazoles in good to excellent yields.

Effects of NaCl Concentrations on Growth Patterns, Phenotypes Associated With Virulence, and Energy Metabolism in BW25113.

According to the sit-and-wait hypothesis, long-term environmental survival is positively correlated with increased bacterial pathogenicity because high durability reduces the dependence of transmission on host mobility. Many indirectly transmitted bacterial pathogens, such as and , have high durability in the external environment and are highly virulent. It is possible that abiotic stresses may activate certain pathways or the expressions of certain genes, which might contribute to bacterial durability and virulence, synergistically.

Applications of Raman Spectroscopy in Bacterial Infections: Principles, Advantages, and Shortcomings.

Infectious diseases caused by bacterial pathogens are important public issues. In addition, due to the overuse of antibiotics, many multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens have been widely encountered in clinical settings. Thus, the fast identification of bacteria pathogens and profiling of antibiotic resistance could greatly facilitate the precise treatment strategy of infectious diseases.