Mapping 1-km soybean yield across China from 2001 to 2020 based on ensemble learning.

Soybean is a critical agricultural product in China, with domestic production unable to satisfy the substantial demand, leading to a huge reliance on imports. To support the scientific formulation of agricultural policies and the optimization of domestic planting structures, we developed a high-resolution annual soybean yield dataset for China (2001-2020), ChinaSoyYield1km. This dataset was generated by applying ensemble learning algorithms and spatial decomposition to a comprehensive set of multi-source data, including climate variables, remote sensing imagery, soil properties, agricultural management practices, and official yield records.