Femoral bone metastasis is a poor prognostic factor in EGFR-TKIs-treated patients with -mutated non-small-cell lung cancer: a retrospective, multicenter cohort study.

Background: ()-mutant non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) have higher frequencies of bone metastases than those of wild type; however, the metastatic pattern and influence on clinical outcome remain unclear.

Objectives: To analyze the association between bone metastatic sites and the clinical efficacy of the first-, second-, and third-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), in these patients.

Design: Retrospective multicenter cohort study.

Artificial intelligence-based personalized survival prediction using clinical and radiomics features in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Multiple first-line treatment options have been developed for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in each subgroup determined by predictive biomarkers, specifically driver oncogene and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) status. However, the methodology for optimal treatment selection in individual patients is not established. This study aimed to develop artificial intelligence (AI)-based personalized survival prediction model according to treatment selection.

Postoperative Symptomatic Cerebral Vasospasm: Requiring Attention Following an Uneventful Resection of an Epidermoid Cyst - A Case Report and Literature Review.

Cerebral vasospasm associated with epidermoid cyst can be caused by tumor content spillage, such as spontaneous rupture and postsurgical resection. Symptomatic cerebral vasospasm following the resection of an intracranial epidermoid cyst is a rare but serious complication that lacks a consensus on treatment. Case presentation: A 10-year-old girl underwent an uneventful complete resection of a left cerebellopontine angle epidermoid cyst.

Bronchial occlusion with endobronchial Watanabe spigots using a two-scope technique for massive haemoptysis.

Massive haemoptysis is a life-threatening condition whose cause needs to be identified rapidly so that prompt interventions can ensue. Bronchial occlusion with endobronchial Watanabe spigots (EWSs) may be useful when endovascular treatment or surgery proves to be difficult. An 84-year-old woman developed massive haemoptysis during percutaneous mitral valve repair for refractory heart failure due to severe mitral regurgitation (MR).

Prevalence and Severity of Positional Posterior Plagiocephaly and Positional Posterior Brachycephaly in Children and Adolescents in Japan.

This study aimed to assess the prevalence, severity, and natural history of positional posterior plagiocephaly (PPP) and positional posterior brachycephaly in Japan. We conducted a cross-sectional study of pediatric patients, ranging from 0 to 15 years old, evaluated for head trauma with negative computed tomography (CT) findings. The cranial vault asymmetry index (CVAI) was calculated using CT images at the superior orbital rim.

Duraplasty using a combination of a pedicled dural flap and collagen matrix in posterior fossa decompression for pediatric Chiari malformation type 1 with syrinx.

Purpose: In posterior fossa decompression for pediatric Chiari malformation type 1 (CM-1), duraplasty methods using various dural substitutes have been reported to improve surgical outcomes and minimize postoperative complications. To obtain sufficient posterior fossa decompression without cerebrospinal fluid-related complications, we developed a novel duraplasty technique using a combination of a pedicled dural flap and collagen matrix. The objective of this study was to describe the operative nuances of duraplasty using a combination of a pedicled dural flap and collagen matrix in posterior fossa decompression for pediatric CM-1.

Efficacy and safety of second-line therapy of docetaxel plus ramucirumab after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy plus immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer (SCORPION): a multicenter, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) plus platinum-based chemotherapy has been recognized as a standard first-line therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, no prospective clinical trials of docetaxel (DTX) plus ramucirumab (RAM) following first-line ICI plus platinum-based chemotherapy has been reported.

Methods: In this multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial, we enrolled patients with NSCLC from eight centres in Japan. Patients with metastatic NSCLC with disease progression after platinum-based chemotherapy plus ICI were eligible for the study.

Metabolic barriers in non-small cell lung cancer with and/or mutations for immunotherapeutic strategies.

Currently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely considered the standard initial treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) when there are no targetable driver oncogenic alternations. NSCLC tumors that have two alterations in tumor suppressor genes, such as liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and/or Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), have been found to exhibit reduced responsiveness to these therapeutic strategies, as revealed by multiomics analyses identifying immunosuppressed phenotypes. Recent advancements in various biological approaches have gradually unveiled the molecular mechanisms underlying intrinsic reprogrammed metabolism in tumor cells, which contribute to the evasion of immune responses by the tumor.

Second-line immunosuppressant administration for steroid-refractory immune-related adverse events in patients with lung cancer.

Background: Evidence for use of second-line immunosuppressants for immune-related adverse events (irAEs) is inadequate. Therefore, a multicenter analysis should assess the efficacy of second-line immunosuppressants for severe irAEs associated with different malignant diseases.

Methods: This descriptive study aims to investigate the effects of second-line immunosuppressants on corticosteroid-refractory irAEs in patients with lung cancer.

Artificial intelligence in a prediction model for postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis.

Objectives: In this study we aimed to develop an artificial intelligence-based model for predicting postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed ERCP patients at Nagoya University Hospital (NUH) and Toyota Memorial Hospital (TMH). We constructed two prediction models, a random forest (RF), one of the machine-learning algorithms, and a logistic regression (LR) model.

Pediatric intraparenchymal meningioma in the basal ganglia treated with gross total resection: a case report and review of the literature.

Introduction: Intraparenchymal meningiomas in the basal ganglia are extremely rare, and to the best of our knowledge, only three case reports have been published to date. Owing to concerns regarding major vessels, gross total resection (GTR) is difficult to achieve; therefore, subtotal resection and radiation therapy are often chosen as treatment options. We present a pediatric case with an intraparenchymal meningioma in the left basal ganglia that was successfully treated with GTR.

Treatment optimization by monitoring vancomycin concentration in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid in a child with cystoperitoneal shunt-related infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a case report and literature review.

Background: Cerebral ventricular shunt infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), especially strains with elevated minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, have a poor prognosis. Monitoring serum vancomycin (VCM) levels with therapeutic drug monitoring and maintaining high VCM concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are critical to treatment success. However, there have been a few reports about the CSF penetration and the pharmacokinetics of VCM in children.

Clinical efficacy of amrubicin in patients with small cell lung cancer relapse after first-line treatment including immune checkpoint inhibitors: A retrospective multicenter study (TOPGAN 2021-01).

Background: The therapeutic efficacy of cytotoxic anticancer drugs has been reported to be enhanced after immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in non-small cell lung cancer; however, it is unclear whether the same is applicable for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). We evaluated the efficacy of second-line amrubicin (AMR) following first-line platinum-based chemotherapy and ICI combination therapy (chemo-ICI) in SCLC.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively enrolled consecutive patients with SCLC treated with AMR as a second-line following chemo-ICI as first-line between July 2019 and April 2021 from 16 institutions throughout Japan.

Endovascular Treatment of Tandem Atherosclerotic Cervical Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion in the Setting of Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Background: Among tandem occlusions, atherosclerotic cervical internal carotid artery occlusion (ACICAO) can be technically challenging and associated with its unique complications. We evaluated our experience with endovascular treatment (EVT) of ACICAO in the setting of acute ischemic stroke.

Methods: In total, 154 consecutive patients who underwent EVT for acute anterior circulation stroke at our institute were retrospectively reviewed.

Non-invasive early prediction of immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in non-small-cell lung cancer patients using on-treatment serum CRP and NLR.

Purpose: We determined the clinical relevance of early C-reactive protein (CRP) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) change in blood as surrogate markers of pro-tumor inflammation (PTI) for predicting clinical outcome of programmed cell death (PD)-1/programmed cell death ligand (PD-L) 1 inhibitor treatment in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed NSCLC patients treated with anti-PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors. Early CRP change was defined as the ratio of 6 weeks CRP to baseline CRP, and early NLR change was defined as that of the 6 weeks NLR to baseline NLR.

Clinical efficacy of osimertinib in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer with distant metastasis.

Background: Osimertinib-the third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-has been widely used as a first-line treatment for patients with metastatic EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Osimertinib demonstrated central nervous system activity in patients with brain metastasis; however, its efficacy against other distant metastatic organs, including bone and liver, remains unclear. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical efficacy of osimertinib in these patients in comparison to other EGFR-TKIs.

Repair of refractory postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage using a reversed dermis flap in a pediatric lipomyelomeningocele patient.

Introduction: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and pseudomeningocele are common complications after surgery for spinal dysraphism.

Case Report And Technique: We report a 6-month-old girl with a lumbosacral lipomyelomeningocele and accessory lower limb who developed a refractory cerebrospinal fluid leak and pseudomeningocele after lipomyelomeningocele repair and removal of the accessory limb. The pseudomeningocele was successfully repaired using a reversed dermis flap made from excess skin that covered the meningocele.

Is area under the curve the best parameter for carboplatin induced emetic risk stratification?

Carboplatin (CBDCA)-induced emetic risk is currently classified on the basis of CBDCA-area under the curve (CBDCA-AUC). We investigated the utility of three CBDCA dosage parameters for predicting emesis by CBDCA. Patients with thoracic cancer treated with CBDCA were included.

A phase I/II study of osimertinib in EGFR exon 20 insertion mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer.

Objectives: Several preclinical data proposed a potential efficacy of osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, for EGFR exon 20 insertion (EGFR ex20ins)-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, reported case series and a retrospective study proposed controversial efficacy. The efficacy of osimertinib in EGFR ex20ins-positive NSCLC have not been well evaluated in prospective clinical trials.

Amelanotic Malignant Melanoma with a BRAF V600E Mutation Mimicking Primary Lung Cancer.

Amelanotic melanoma is a rare type of melanoma that shows little or no melanin pigmentation. When tumor lesions are not detected in cutaneous sites, the presence of melanin is the hallmark sign of malignant melanoma. We herein report a case of amelanotic melanoma with a BRAF V600E mutation mimicking primary lung cancer that was finally diagnosed on an autopsy.

Pediatric takotsubo syndrome caused by hydrocephalus after posterior fossa tumor surgery.

Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) can develop after intense physical or emotional stress and is uncommon in children. We report a 2-year-old girl who developed TTS caused by acute hydrocephalus after posterior fossa tumor resection and required mechanical ventilation and administration of vasopressor/inotropic agents. Her cardiac function gradually recovered over the course of 2 weeks.