Frailty is a better predictor than age for shockable rhythm and survival in Out-of-Hospital cardiac arrest in over 16-year-olds.

Objective: To determine if the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) predicts out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) outcomes better than age?Design: The analysed data was collected as part of a larger study run by NCEPOD on hospital admissions for OHCA in 2018. Study selection was OHCA in over 16-year-olds with restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) for >20 mins and who were admitted to hospital, or who died in the emergency department. Patients from hospitals in England, Wales and Northern Ireland were identified using standard coding for cardiac arrest.

Trends in Long-Term Ventilation Care in U.K. Children and Young People-Further Consideration Required for Pediatric Critical Care Services.

Objectives: The objective was to compare specific data from the 2020 National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death (NCEPOD) report "Balancing the Pressures" with two previous U.K. studies and to examine changes in the pediatric population requiring long-term ventilation (LTV) as well as the types delivered.

Physics-informed compressed sensing for PC-MRI: an inverse Navier-Stokes problem.

We formulate a physics-informed compressed sensing (PICS) method for the reconstruction of velocity fields from noisy and sparse phase-contrast magnetic resonance signals. The method solves an inverse Navier-Stokes boundary value problem, which permits us to jointly reconstruct and segment the velocity field, and at the same time infer hidden quantities such as the hydrodynamic pressure and the wall shear stress. Using a Bayesian framework, we regularize the problem by introducing a priori information about the unknown parameters in the form of Gaussian random fields.

NEWS2, patient safety and hypercapnic respiratory failure.

The National Early Warning Score (NEWS) has been widely adopted for use in clinical practice in the UK since its introduction in 2012. It is designed to improve patient safety. The original score was adapted in 2017 to improve patient safety further by introducing a separate score for oxygen saturation to be used in selected patients with respiratory diseases.

Prognostic value of National Early Warning Scores (NEWS2) and component physiology in hospitalised patients with COVID-19: a multicentre study.

Background: National Early Warning Scores (NEWS2) are used to detect all-cause deterioration. While studies have looked at NEWS2, the use of virtual consultation and remote monitoring of patients with COVID-19 mean there is a need to know which physiological observations are important.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between outcome and NEWS2, change in NEWS2 and component physiology in COVID-19 inpatients.

Early detection of thermoacoustic instabilities in a cryogenic rocket thrust chamber using combustion noise features and machine learning.

We present a data-driven method for the early detection of thermoacoustic instabilities. Recurrence quantification analysis is used to calculate characteristic combustion features from short-length time series of dynamic pressure sensor data. Features like recurrence rate are used to train support vector machines to detect the onset of instability a few hundred milliseconds in advance.

Natural History and Disease Burden of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 with Plexiform Neurofibromas: A Systematic Literature Review.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an incurable genetic condition that frequently includes the development of plexiform neurofibromas (PNs) in patients. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify data on the natural history, disease burden, and treatment patterns among patients diagnosed with NF1 and PN, as well as to identify evidence gaps in these areas. MEDLINE and MEDLINE In-Process, Embase, and Cochrane Library Searches were searched using predefined terms.

Balancing the pressures: a review of the quality of care provided to children and young people aged 0-24 years who were receiving long-term ventilation.

Assessing the quality of care for patients receiving long-term ventilation is complex given the diversity of this population (0-24 years in this case) and their differing requirements for treatment. This article details how and why such reviews are necessary.

Self-organized dynamics and the transition to turbulence of confined active nematics.

We study how confinement transforms the chaotic dynamics of bulk microtubule-based active nematics into regular spatiotemporal patterns. For weak confinements in disks, multiple continuously nucleating and annihilating topological defects self-organize into persistent circular flows of either handedness. Increasing confinement strength leads to the emergence of distinct dynamics, in which the slow periodic nucleation of topological defects at the boundary is superimposed onto a fast procession of a pair of defects.

Spherical network contraction forms microtubule asters in confinement.

Microtubules and motor proteins form active filament networks that are critical for a variety of functions in living cells. Network topology and dynamics are the result of a self-organisation process that takes place within the boundaries of the cell. Previous biochemical in vitro studies with biomimetic systems consisting of purified motors and microtubules have demonstrated that confinement has an important effect on the outcome of the self-organisation process.

Inspiring Change: a report on acute non-invasive ventilation.

The British Thoracic Society audit of non-invasive ventilation has shown that mortality rates are higher than expected and increasing. The National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death undertook a detailed analysis of data from 432 patients treated with acute non-invasive ventilation to identify how clinical aspects of non-invasive ventilation treatment could be improved. The study 'Inspiring Change' was published in July 2017.

Colloidal particles driven across periodic optical-potential-energy landscapes.

We study the motion of colloidal particles driven by a constant force over a periodic optical potential energy landscape. First, the average particle velocity is found as a function of the driving velocity and the wavelength of the optical potential energy landscape. The relationship between average particle velocity and driving velocity is found to be well described by a theoretical model treating the landscape as sinusoidal, but only at small trap spacings.

"SHOUT" to improve the quality of care delivered to patients with acute kidney injury at Great Western Hospital.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects up to 20% of all patients admitted to hospital, and is associated with a higher risk of adverse clinical outcomes, increased healthcare costs, as well as long term risks of chronic kidney disease and end stage renal failure. The aim of this project was to improve the quality of care for patients with AKI admitted to the acute medical unit (AMU) at the Great Western Hospital (GWH). We assessed awareness and self reported confidence among physicians in our Trust, in addition to basic aspects of care relevant to AKI on our AMU.

Microscopic dynamics of synchronization in driven colloids.

Synchronization of coupled oscillators has been scrutinized for over three centuries, from Huygens' pendulum clocks to physiological rhythms. One such synchronization phenomenon, dynamic mode locking, occurs when naturally oscillating processes are driven by an externally imposed modulation. Typically only averaged or integrated properties are accessible, leaving underlying mechanisms unseen.

Acousto-optically generated potential energy landscapes: potential mapping using colloids under flow.

Optical potential energy landscapes created using acousto-optical deflectors are characterized via solvent-driven colloidal particles. The full potential energy of both single optical traps and complex landscapes composed of multiple overlapping traps are determined using a simple force balance argument. The potential of a single trap is shown to be well described by a Gaussian trap with stiffness found to be consistent with those obtained by a thermal equilibrium method.

Cost effectiveness of tiotropium for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review of the evidence.

Background: Tiotropium has been shown to reduce exacerbations and improve quality of life for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a lung disease characterized by a persistent and progressive airflow limitation.

Objectives: To present a systematic literature review of the cost effectiveness of treatment with tiotropium compared with other currently used treatments for COPD.

Methods: A systematic search was performed via PubMed, the Cochrane database, and EMBASE from 2002 to 2009.

The epidemiology, economic burden, and pharmacological treatment of chronic low back pain in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK: a literature-based review.

Objective: This study's objective was to review the literature on the epidemiological and economic burden and treatment of chronic low back pain (CLBP) in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK.

Methods: A literature search was conducted for 1997 - 2007, focusing on CLBP burden and treatment in the countries of interest.

Results: The literature search yielded 1552 articles; 23 sources were included in this review.

Adherence to guidelines for sensitivity analysis: cost-effectiveness analyses of dual oral antiplatelet therapy.

Objective: Cost-effectiveness analyses of new treatments for cardiovascular disease frequently require input parameters whose values are known with uncertainty due to limited data. The objective of this paper is to examine the extent to which published sensitivity analyses addressing this uncertainty adhere to Health Technology Assessment (HTA) guidelines.

Research Design And Methods: A systematic review of published cost-effectiveness analyses was performed for an example drug treatment scenario, dual oral antiplatelet therapy compared with aspirin alone following acute coronary syndromes and/or percutaneous coronary intervention.

Steering simulation performance in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea and matched control subjects.

Patients with obstructive pulmonary disease (OSA) have an increased rate of driving accidents, perhaps due to poor vigilance or impaired cognitive skills that influence their driving ability. The authors have assessed whether patients with OSA perform differently to control subjects on a steering simulator which allows the separate assessment of the two visual tasks required for steering a car, immediate positioning on road with reference to the road edges, and assessment of the curve of the oncoming road which allows faster driving. Twelve patients with OSA and 12 control subjects, matched for age, sex and driving experience, performed three 30-min drives with either all the oncoming road visible, only the near part of the road visible, or only the distant part of the road visible.

Xanthoma disseminatum with respiratory tract involvement and fatal outcome.

Xanthoma disseminatum (XD) is a rare mucocutaneous xanthomatosis classified as a benign form of non-Langerhans' cell histiocytosis. The case history is presented of a 61 year old woman with XD who developed dyspnoea and spirometric features of airflow obstruction. Bronchoscopy and computed tomography confirmed involvement of the large and medium sized bronchi and she subsequently died from acute respiratory failure.