Airway M Cells Arise in the Lower Airway Due to RANKL Signaling and Reside in the Bronchiolar Epithelium Associated With iBALT in Murine Models of Respiratory Disease.

Microfold (M) cells residing in the follicle-associated epithelium of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues are specialized for sampling luminal antigens to initiate mucosal immune responses. In the past decade, glycoprotein 2 (GP2) and Tnfaip2 were identified as reliable markers for M cells in the Peyer's patches of the intestine. Furthermore, RANKL-RANK signaling, as well as the canonical and non-canonical NFκB pathways downstream, is essential for M-cell differentiation from the intestinal stem cells.

Whole-exome sequencing in a Japanese pedigree implicates a rare non-synonymous single-nucleotide variant in BEST3 as a candidate for mandibular prognathism.

Mandibular prognathism is a phenotype of facial deformity seen in populations around the world, but with higher incidence among East Asian populations. Five genome-wide nonparametric linkage analyses and a genome-wide association study to identify susceptibility loci of the phenotype have shown inconsistent results. To explore variants related to mandibular prognathism, we undertook whole-exome sequencing in a Japanese pedigree.

Assessment of hypoxic lip training for lip incompetence by electromyographic analysis of the orbicularis oris muscle.

Introduction: The aims of this study were to determine the difference in electromyography (EMG) of the orbicularis oris muscles between subjects with lip incompetence and lip competence and to elucidate the effectiveness of hypoxic lip training with EMG.

Methods: Twenty-five subjects (14 men, 11 women; mean age, 24.5 ± 2.

identified as a candidate gene by genome-wide association analysis for mandibular prognathism in human chondrocytes.

In a previous genome-wide association study, plexin A2 () was suggested as one of the candidate genes for mandibular prognathism. encodes plexin A2, a member of the plexin-A family of semaphorin co-receptors. Semaphorin 3A (sema3A) exerts an osteoprotective effect.

Electric Charge Dependence of Controlled Dye-Release Behavior in Glass Ionomer Cement Containing Nano-Porous Silica Particles.

We investigated in controlled dye-release behavior of nanosized silica particles containing nanocavities (Nanoporous silica, NPS). To determine this, NPS were mixed with glass ionomer cement (GIC), which is a medical material used as a matrix. The dye-release behavior was observed using a UV-visible spectrometer.

Expression and Dynamics of Podoplanin in Cultured Osteoblasts with Mechanostress and Mineralization Stimulus.

This study investigates the significance of the expression and dynamics of podoplanin in mechanostress and mineralization in cultured murine osteoblasts. Podoplanin increased in osteoblasts subjected to straining in non-mineralization medium, suggesting that the mechanostress alone is a podoplanin induction factor. In osteoblasts subjected to vertical elongation straining in the mineralization medium, the mRNA amounts of podoplanin, osteopontin, and osteocalcin were significantly larger than those in cells not subjected to straining, suggesting that mechanostress is the cause of a synergistic effect in the expression of these proteins.

Genome-wide association study for mandibular prognathism using microsatellite and pooled DNA method.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to extend an association study from chromosome 1 to the whole genome (genome-wide association study) to find susceptibility loci of mandibular prognathism.

Methods: Two hundred forty patients diagnosed with mandibular prognathism and 360 healthy controls of Japanese descent were recruited. The typing of microsatellites covering the whole genome was conducted using a pooled DNA method.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of intermittent mechanical pressure with short loading duration: new type of intermittent force for orthodontic treatment.

Background: Since it is difficult to precisely control the magnitude of force in orthodontic practice, controlling the duration of force is expected to prevent tissue damage. The use of an actuator as an appliance for intermittent force application is a possible solution for controlling the duration. However, effectiveness of an actuator for controlling the duration is still not clear.

Histochemical Examination on Periodontal Tissues of Klotho-Deficient Mice Fed With Phosphate-Insufficient Diet.

To elucidate which of elevated serum concentration of inorganic phosphate (Pi) or disrupted signaling linked to αklotho/fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a predominant regulator for senescence-related degeneration seen in αKlotho-deficient mice, we have examined histological alteration of the periodontal tissues in the mandibular interalveolar septum of αKlotho-deficient mice fed with Pi-insufficient diet. We prepared six groups of mice: wild-type, kl/kl, and αKlotho mice with normal diet or low-Pi diet. As a consequence, kl/kl and αKlotho mice showed the same abnormalities in periodontal tissues: intensely stained areas with hematoxylin in the interalveolar septum, dispersed localization of alkaline phosphatase-positive osteoblasts and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-reactive osteoclasts, and accumulation of dentin matrix protein 1 in the osteocytic lacunae.

Release from optimal compressive force suppresses osteoclast differentiation.

Bone remodeling is an important factor in orthodontic tooth movement. During orthodontic treatment, osteoclasts are subjected to various mechanical stimuli, and this promotes or inhibits osteoclast differentiation and fusion. It has been previously reported that the release from tensile force induces osteoclast differentiation.

Evaluation of the maxillofacial morphological characteristics of Apert syndrome infants.

Apert syndrome is a rare craniosynostosis syndrome characterized by irregular craniosynostosis, midface hypoplasia, and syndactyly of the hands and feet. Previous studies analyzed individuals with Apert syndrome and reported some facial and intraoral features caused by severe maxillary hypoplasia. However, these studies were performed by analyzing both individuals who had and those had not received a palate repair surgery, which had a high impact on the maxillary growth and occlusion.

Estimation of Biocompatibility of Nano-Sized Ceramic Particles with Osteoblasts, Osteosarcomas and Hepatocytes by Static and Time-Lapse Observation.

We assessed the biocompatibility of nano-sized ceramic particles with several cells types. Though these particles have less than 100 nm in diameter, they act as submicron-sized particles in saline by aggregation that was estimated using laser diffraction particle size analysis (LDS). they act as submicro-sized particles in saline by aggregation based on laser diffraction particle size analysis (LDS).

Identification of tumor endothelial cells with high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and a highly angiogenic phenotype.

Tumor blood vessels play an important role in tumor progression and metastasis. It has been reported that tumor endothelial cells (TECs) exhibit highly angiogenic phenotypes compared with those of normal endothelial cells (NECs). TECs show higher proliferative and migratory abilities than those NECs, together with upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2).

Microsatellite genome-wide association study for mandibular prognathism.

Introduction: Attempts have been made to identify susceptibility genes of mandibular prognathism by genome-wide linkage studies, but the results of susceptibility loci are inconsistent. There has been no genome-wide association study of mandibular prognathism. Our objective was to perform a genome-wide association study using 23,465 microsatellite markers to detect mandibular prognathism susceptibility regions.

Photophysical properties and biocompatibility of Photoluminescent Y2O3:Eu nanoparticles in polymethylmetacrylate matrix.

In this study, we produced europium-doped yttoria (Y2O3:Eu) nanoparticles and investigated their photoluminescent properties and biocompatibility. The Y2O3:Eu nanoparticles showed excellent photoluminescent properties and cytocompatibility. We also analyzed the photophysical properties of the nanoparticles in PMMA films.

Altered distribution of extracellular matrix proteins in the periodontal ligament of periostin-deficient mice.

Verifying whether periostin affects the distribution of type I collagen, fibronectin and tenascin C in the periodontal ligament (PDL) is important to contribute to a more thorough understanding of that protein's functions. In this study, we have histologically examined incisor PDL of mandibles in 20 week-old male wild-type and periostin-deficient (periostin-/-) mice, by means of type I collagen, fibronectin, tenascin C, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, matrix metallo-proteinase (MMP)-1 and F4/80-positive monocyte/macrophage immunostaining, transmission electron microscopy and quantitative analysis of cell proliferation. Wild-type PDL featured well-arranged layers of collagen bundles intertwined with PDL cells, whose longitudinal axis ran parallel to the collagen fibers.

Overjet, overbite and dental midline shift as predictors of tooth size discrepancy in a Bangladeshi population and a graphical overview of global tooth size ratios.

Objectives: This study aimed to measure and compare tooth size ratios in a Bangladeshi population across the following groups: those with normal occlusion, crowding or spacing; those with normal, increased or decreased overjet; those with normal, increased or decreased overbite; those with or without dental mid-line discrepancy; and those with or without lip competence. It also presents a graphical overview of the anterior and overall ratios from the study and using available global data.

Materials And Methods: This study was performed on dental casts of 260 Bangladeshi individuals, comprising 114 males and 146 females (age range, 18-24 years, mean age = 20).

Short-term mechanical stress inhibits osteoclastogenesis via suppression of DC-STAMP in RAW264.7 cells.

Mechanical stress is an important factor in bone homeostasis, which is maintained by a balance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. However, little is known about the effects of mechanical stress on osteoclast differentiation. In this study, we examined the effects of short-term mechanical stress on osteoclastogenesis by applying tensile force to RAW264.

Development of a surgical procedure for biointegration of a newly designed orthodontic onplant.

Aim: An onplant is an orthodontic anchorage device fixed to the bone surface with osseointegration. Compared with implants, the onplant has fewer limitations regarding placement and is less invasive. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of bone-surface treatment and the fixing method of a newly designed smaller-sized onplant and establish a prospective surgical procedure for placement of the onplant.

Congenital and postnatal factors inducing malocclusions in Japanese unilateral cleft lip and palate patients-determination using logistic regression analysis.

Objective : To assess the congenital and postnatal factors that affect degree of malocclusion in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate using multivariate statistical analysis. Design : Retrospective study. Patients : All information on 135 subjects with unilateral cleft lip and palate was obtained from an oral examination and radiograph at the initial examination at an orthodontic clinic and from surgical records.

Effect of the release from mechanical stress on osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells.

The effects of mechanical stress release on osteoclastogenesis may be as important as those of mechanical stress application. However, the direct effects of mechanical stress on the behavior of osteoclasts has not been thoroughly investigated and there is limited information on the results of the release from mechanical stress. In this study, the effects of mechanical stress application and its release on osteoclast differentiation were examined.

Relationship between degree of malocclusion and occlusal interference in mice that spontaneously develop anterior transverse crossbite.

Introduction: Mice with brachymorphism (bm) have defective chondrogenesis, including abnormal growth of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis. Malocclusion (anterior transverse crossbite) sometimes spontaneously occurs in inbred BALB/c-bm/bm mice, before the mandibular incisors erupt and make contact with the maxillary incisors. The aim of this study was to determine whether functional lateral loads to incisors promote anterior transverse crossbites in BALB/c-bm/bm mice.

Three-dimensional craniomaxillary characteristics of the mouse with spontaneous malocclusion using micro-computed tomography.

The aim of this study was to clarify the morphological characteristics of craniomaxillary deviations in BALB/c-bm/bm mice with a spontaneous malocclusion (incisal transverse crossbite) using three-dimensional (3D) morphological measurements. Sixty female mice aged 13 and 25 weeks were divided into the following groups: control (BALB/c-+/+ mice, n = 20), norm (BALB/c-bm/bm mice with a normal occlusion, n = 20), and mal (BALB/c-bm/bm mice with a malocclusion, n = 20). Various points in the skull were selected and the distances between two points were measured using 3D micro-computed tomography (CT) images.