Publications by authors named "Junichi Nishimura"
Complement C5 inhibitor treatment with ravulizumab or eculizumab for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) improves outcomes and survival. Some patients remain anemic due to clinically significant extravascular hemolysis (cs-EVH: hemoglobin [Hgb] ≤9.5 g/dL and absolute reticulocyte count [ARC] ≥120×109/L).
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- Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic that helps prevent nausea and vomiting, particularly after highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC), but it can cause side effects like hyperglycemia and drowsiness.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effectiveness of olanzapine combined with standard triplet antiemetic therapy compared to triplet therapy alone, focusing on outcomes like nausea control and adverse effects.
- Results showed that adding olanzapine significantly improved nausea and vomiting prevention in both acute and delayed phases with minimal adverse effects, indicating it can be beneficial for patients undergoing HEC.
Background: A standardized multi-day antiemetic regimen for multi-day chemotherapy remains elusive. This systematic review evaluated the efficacy and safety of multi-day antiemetic regimens in patients undergoing multi-day intravenous chemotherapy.
Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Ichushi-Web databases for relevant studies published from January 1990 to December 2020.
Purpose: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) can detect occult nodal metastasis. We have previously reported the safety and feasibility of indocyanine green (ICG)-guided SLNB for clinical stage II/III lower rectal cancer (RC). However, little is known about the influence of lateral pelvic SLNB using ICG on oncological outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEfficacy and safety of dexamethasone sparing for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with moderately emetogenic chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Antiemesis 2023 from Japan Society of Clinical Oncology.
Int J Clin Oncol
December 2024
Article Synopsis
- Palonosetron is a second-generation anti-nausea drug that might be more effective than first-generation medications, and this study explores how dexamethasone (DEX) works with it during chemotherapy.
- Researchers compared the effects of giving DEX for 1 day versus 3 days in preventing nausea and vomiting after moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC), using data from studies published between 1990 and 2020.
- The findings showed that while the 3-day DEX group had a higher rate of no vomiting, there were no major differences in most anti-nausea effects, suggesting that DEX treatment could be shortened to just 1 day when paired with palonosetron.
Background: The short-term outcomes of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with S-1 (a combination of tegafur, gimeracil, and oteracil) following limited surgery for patients with T1 or T2 lower rectal cancer have shown encouraging results.
Objectives: This study was designed to delve deeper into the long-term outcomes of CRT with S-1 after limited surgery, with the goal of evaluating both the long-term efficacy and potential risks associated with this treatment approach in patients diagnosed with T1 or T2 lower rectal cancer.
Methods: This was conducted as a multicenter, single-arm, prospective phase II trial.
Article Synopsis
- Sutimlimab, a new treatment approved in Japan for cold agglutinin disease (CAD), showed positive safety and efficacy results in Japanese patients from a global phase 3 clinical trial and an open-label extension study.
- In the studies, most patients were female with a median age of 70, and a notable percentage experienced mild adverse effects like injection site reactions and infections.
- Overall, sutimlimab was well tolerated over an average treatment duration of nearly 3.8 years, with improvements in hemoglobin and bilirubin levels observed during treatment, and no new safety issues arose during retreatment.
Article Synopsis
- The study explores the importance of the lymph node ratio (LNR) in determining prognosis for patients with ampullary cancer who underwent surgical treatment between 1980 and 2018.
- Analysis of data from 106 patients revealed that higher LNR values correlated with worse outcomes, specifically linking a higher LNR to increased recurrence and lower survival rates.
- Findings suggest that LNR, particularly with an identified cut-off value of 0.07, serves as a critical independent prognostic marker for recurrence and survival in ampullary cancer patients.
Article Synopsis
- - The study focuses on the effectiveness and safety of dexamethasone-sparing antiemetic therapies, particularly neurokinin-1 antagonists (NKRA), for preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients undergoing highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC).
- - A systematic review of literature identified and analyzed two studies involving anthracycline-cyclophosphamide and cisplatin-based regimens; while no significant differences in vomiting prevention were found, some outcomes related to nausea showed variability.
- - The review concludes that dexamethasone-sparing antiemetic therapies can be effective in preventing CINV for HEC, particularly in patients receiving anthracycline-cyclophosphamide
Background: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) commonly affects patient quality of life and the overall effectiveness of chemotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate whether adding neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists (NK1RAs) to 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonists (5-HTRAs) and corticosteroids provides clinically meaningful benefits in preventing CINV in patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC).
Methods: We conducted a systematic review of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Ichushi-Web to identify clinical studies evaluating NK1RAs combined with 5-HTRAs and dexamethasone for managing CINV in MEC.
Article Synopsis
- - This study focuses on the impact of dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) in patients with advanced esophageal cancer, particularly those who are eligible for surgery after preoperative treatment.
- - Researchers analyzed data from 302 patients and found that higher dysphagia scores were linked to worse tumor characteristics, lower body mass index, and poorer overall survival rates.
- - The results indicate that dysphagia scores can serve as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival post-surgery, with higher scores correlating to increased recurrence rates and lower survival outcomes.
Article Synopsis
- Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare blood disorder causing serious issues due to chronic hemolysis and can significantly affect patients' quality of life.
- A post hoc analysis evaluated the effectiveness of pegcetacoplan, a targeted complement C3 inhibitor, in PNH patients with poor bone marrow function from the PEGASUS and PRINCE studies.
- Results showed that while normalisation of certain health parameters was challenging, a significant percentage of patients experienced clinically meaningful improvements in hemoglobin, LDH levels, and fatigue after treatment with pegcetacoplan.
Article Synopsis
- The study examined changes in body composition after esophagectomy in esophageal cancer patients, focusing on weight, muscle mass, and fat mass over time.
- It involved 528 patients, measuring their body composition before and at various points after the surgery, with significant findings at 3 months post-op.
- Results showed that significant losses in skeletal muscle mass and body fat correlated with poorer overall and recurrence-free survival, indicating these changes could be important for patient prognosis.
Article Synopsis
- Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is a rare autoimmune condition causing anemia, and sutimlimab, which inhibits a key part of the immune system, showed effectiveness in reducing symptoms like hemolysis and fatigue in the CADENZA Part A study.
- In Part B of the CADENZA study, 32 out of 39 patients continued treatment for about 99 weeks, showing sustained improvements in hemoglobin, bilirubin levels, and quality of life measures, with no severe adverse effects reported.
- Despite the promising results, stopping sutimlimab led to a return of disease symptoms, indicating that while the treatment is effective, continuous management is necessary to maintain its benefits.
Article Synopsis
- Identifying patients who won't benefit from invasive pancreatic cancer surgery is important to preserve quality of life, especially after neoadjuvant therapy for resectable cases.
- The study analyzed 609 patients, categorizing them into poor-prognosis (those with rapid recurrence or no surgery) and good-prognosis groups (those without recurrence or longer recurrence intervals).
- Key findings showed that elevated levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (specifically >200 U/mL) after treatment were strongly linked to poor survival rates, indicating that patients with such levels should avoid radical surgery due to low chances of benefit.
Article Synopsis
- - Crovalimab is a new treatment for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria that allows for easy self-administration every four weeks and is shown to be as effective as the existing treatment eculizumab in maintaining hemolysis control and avoiding transfusions.
- - The COMMODORE 2 trial involved 204 patients and compared the effects of crovalimab with eculizumab over 24 weeks, finding similar outcomes for key health measures, including hemoglobin stabilization and fatigue reduction.
- - Both treatments were safe, with no cases of meningococcal infections reported, and many patients preferred crovalimab after switching from eculizumab, showcasing its favorable benefit-risk profile.
Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy has been indicated as the first-line treatment for metastatic or unresectable locally advanced esophageal cancer. However, pretreatment biomarkers for predicting clinical outcomes remain unclear. We investigated the predictive value of inflammation-based prognostic scores in patients treated with pembrolizumab and chemotherapy.
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- - The Japan Society of Clinical Oncology updated its 2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Antiemesis to incorporate recent findings on antiemetics and cancer treatments, reflecting the latest advancements in the field
- - A thorough literature search from 1990 to 2020 was conducted to guide the update, leading to the development of 13 background questions, 12 clinical questions, and three future research questions
- - The updated guidelines aim to enhance understanding and decision-making about antiemetic therapy for both patients and healthcare providers
Background: Anticipatory chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a conditioned response influenced by the severity and duration of previous emetic responses to chemotherapy. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of non-pharmacologic interventions for anticipatory CINV among patients with cancer.
Methods: We conducted a systematic search in databases, including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Ichushi-Web, from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 2020.
Article Synopsis
- * A study involving 488 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma found that factors like tumor depth, nodal status, and lymphovascular (LV) invasion significantly affect overall survival, with nodal status and LV invasion being strong independent predictors.
- * The research suggests using both nodal status and LV invasion to better guide treatment decisions for adjuvant therapy, as patients with LV invasion showed poorer outcomes across various nodal stages.
Background: Trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS-102) is an oral anticancer drug with adequate efficacy in unresectable colorectal cancer, but frequently also induces chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). To investigate the occurrence of CINV and antiemetic therapy in patients with colorectal cancer treated with TAS-102 (JASCC-CINV 2001).
Methods: We conducted a multicenter, prospective, observational study in patients with colorectal cancer who received TAS-102 without dose reduction for the first time.
Introduction: The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and D-dimer level are two useful measures for gastric cancer prognosis. As they each comprise different factors, it is possible to employ a more useful combined indicator. This study therefore aimed to establish a PNI-D score - which combines the PNI and D-dimer level - and validate its usefulness as a prognostic marker.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground/aim: CheckMate 577 evaluated adjuvant nivolumab therapy after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery for esophageal cancers. However, the efficacy of this treatment in patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy remains unknown. This study investigated the short-term outcomes of adjuvant nivolumab therapy in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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