Inhibitory Effects of Houtt. on Pain and Cartilage Breakdown in Osteoarthritis Based on Its Multifaceted Anti-Inflammatory Activity: An In Vivo and In Vitro Approach.

In the past 30 years, the number of years lived with disability due to osteoarthritis (OA) has doubled, making it an increasing global health burden. To address this issue, interventions that inhibit the progressive pathology driven by age-related low-grade inflammation, the primary mechanism of OA, are being actively pursued. Recent investigations have focused on modulating the age-related low-grade inflammatory pathology of this disease as a therapeutic target.

Emerging Roles of Natural Compounds in Osteoporosis: Regulation, Molecular Mechanisms and Bone Regeneration.

Bone health is a critical aspect of overall well-being, and disorders such as osteoporosis pose significant challenges worldwide. East Asian Herbal Medicine (EAHM), with its rich history and holistic approach, offers promising avenues for enhancing bone regeneration. In this critical review article, we analyze the intricate mechanisms through which EAHM compounds modulate bone health.

Astragalus Extract Mixture HT042 Alleviates Dexamethasone-Induced Bone Growth Retardation in Rat Metatarsal Bones.

The most widely used synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (DEX), causes stunted growth in children when used excessively or for long periods of time; however, there are still plenty of pediatric patients require long-term treatment with DEX. As an alternative, growth hormone is used in combination, but it has side effects, a high cost, and psychological factors, and it is not satisfactory in terms of effectiveness. It is necessary to develop a safe and affordable treatment that can replace it.

Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic, Functional Improvement, and Chondroprotective Effects of (Vant.) Hand.-Mazz. Extract in Osteoarthritis: An In Vivo and In Vitro Study.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative bone disease characterized by inflammation as a primary pathology and currently lacks therapeutic interventions to impede its progression. (Vant.) Hand.

Cavomycins A-C, Linear Oligomer Depsipeptides from an Annelid-Associated .

Three unique linear oligomeric depsipeptides, designated as cavomycins A-C (-), were identified from , a gut bacterium associated with the annelid . The structures of these depsipeptides were determined through a combination of spectroscopic methods and chemical derivatization techniques, including methanolysis, the modified Mosher's method, advanced Marfey's methods, and phenylglycine methyl ester derivatization. The unique dipeptidyl residue arrangements in compounds - indicate that they are not degradation products of valinomycin.

Bioactive Piperazic Acid-Bearing Cyclodepsipeptides, Lydiamycins E-H, from an Endophytic sp. Associated with .

A chemical investigation of the endophytic sp. HBQ95, associated with the medicinal plant Presl, enabled the discovery of four new piperazic acid-bearing cyclodepsipeptides, lydiamycins E-H (-), and one known compound (lydiamycin A). Their chemical structures, including absolute configurations, were defined by a combination of spectroscopic analyses and multiple chemical manipulations.

Flavonoid Glycosides from Inhibit Osteoclast Differentiation via the Downregulation of NFATc1.

The aim of this study was to isolate and identify chemical components with osteoclast differentiation inhibitory activity from Hance bark. Spectroscopic analyses, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electronic circular dichroism (ECD), resulted in the unequivocal elucidation of active compounds such as (2)-naringenin-6--β-d-glucopyranoside (), (2)-naringenin-6--β-d-glucopyranoside (), (2,3)-catechin-7--β-d-xylopyranoside (), (2,3)-catechin-7--β-d-apiofuranoside (), (2,3)-taxifolin-6--β-d-glucopyranoside (), and (2,3)-taxifolin-6--β-d-glucopyranoside (). Mechanistically, the compounds may exhibit osteoclast differentiation inhibitory activity via the downregulation of NFATc1, a master regulator involved in osteoclast formation.

A New Thiopeptide Antibiotic, Micrococcin P3, from a Marine-Derived Strain of the Bacterium .

A new thiopeptide (micrococcin P3, ) and a known one (micrococcin P1, ) were isolated from the culture broth of a marine-derived strain of . The structures of both compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR analysis, high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and tandem mass spectrometry. Both compounds exhibited potent antibacterial activities against Gram-positive strains with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 0.