Quality improvement of saliva by chewing tapioca pearls in bubble tea drinks: a randomized experimental trial: (Study on salivary C-reactive protein (CRP) and calcium (Ca) levels).

Bubble tea drinks contain tea and tapioca pearls. Chewing tapioca pearls in bubble tea drinks may increase salivary components. Because of its proteins, inorganic components, and enzymes, saliva plays an important role in the body's defense against bacteria and viruses.

Apical Sealing Ability of Calcite-Synthesized Hydroxyapatite as a Filler of Epoxy Resin-Based Root Canal Sealer.

Background: The success of root canal treatment is influenced by hermetic root canal obturation. This study was conducted to analyze the apical sealing ability after the addition of calcite-synthesized hydroxyapatite (HA) as an epoxy resin sealer filler.

Methods: Calcite-synthesized HA powder was prepared using the microwave hydrothermal process.

Characterization of buccal cell DNA after exposure to azo compounds: a cross-sectional study.

Azo compounds, containing naphthol and diazonium salts, are synthetic dyes widely used in the batik industry. Azo compounds are considered toxic when they are exposed to human tissue. The purpose of this study was to analyze buccal cell DNA exposed to azo compounds in batik workers.

Correlation between salivary estrogen levels and oral epithelial cytokeratin 5 expression.

Estrogen expression levels may be associated with age and may affect keratinization of the hard palate. Keratinized epithelium expresses cytokeratin 5 and 14 in the basal layer. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the levels of salivary estrogen and number of cytokeratin 5-positive oral epithelial cells.

Expression of Cytokeratin 19 in the epithelial cell of Azo-exposed buccal mucosa.

Azo is a synthetic dye used in batik industries. It can be toxic to the tissue when exposed via inhalation, swallowing, or direct contact. Expression of cytokeratin will change in hyperplastic and cancer of the oral mucosa.

Effect of nifedipine on the expression of bcl-2 protein in rat gingiva.

Bcl-2 is a family of proteins involved in protecting the cell against death stimuli or in promoting cell death. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of nifedipine treatment on the expression of bcl-2 protein in rat gingival tissues. Rats were given gastric intubation with various concentrations and durations of nifedipine.