Identification of Hit Compounds Using Artificial Intelligence for the Management of Allergic Diseases.

This study aimed to identify and evaluate drug candidates targeting the kinase inhibitory region of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 3 for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). Utilizing an artificial intelligence (AI)-based new drug development platform, virtual screening was conducted to identify compounds inhibiting the SH2 domain binding of SOCS3. Luminescence assays assessed the ability of these compounds to restore JAK-2 activity diminished by SOCS3.

Therapeutic Applications of Extracellular Vesicles in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

The treatment landscape for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has undergone substantial advancements with the introduction of biologics. However, a considerable number of patients either show an immediate lack of response or lose responsiveness over time, necessitating the development of innovative and effective treatment approaches. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small lipid bilayer-enclosed structures that facilitate cell-to-cell molecular transfer and are integral to the pathogenesis of IBD.

Regulation of T Helper Cell Type 2 Immune Response by Controlling Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptor in Dendritic Cells of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis.

Introduction: Allergic diseases are mediated by T helper cell type 2 (Th2) cells, which are differentiated by dendritic cells (DCs). Recently, it was reported that cAMP concentration in DCs is important for inducing allergic responses. However, the regulatory function of cAMP in DCs in Th2 immune responses is unclear.

Sirtuin 7 Inhibitor Attenuates Colonic Mucosal Immune Activation in Mice-Potential Therapeutic Target in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Accumulating evidence has shown that sirtuin 7 (SIRT7), a mediator of various cellular activities, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various immune-mediated inflammatory disorders. However, information remains limited regarding the role of SIRT7 in intestinal inflammation. We used a murine colitis model to investigate the role of SIRT7 in intestinal immunity and whether SIRT7 inhibitors could attenuate the intestinal inflammatory response.

Colonic Mucosal Immune Activation in Mice with Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Airway Disease: Association between Allergic Airway Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Recent studies on the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have focused on the role of mast cells (MCs) in intestinal mucosal immunity. A link between allergic airway diseases (AADs) and IBS has been suggested because both diseases have similar pathophysiology. We aimed to investigate whether the induction of AAD in mice could lead to inflammation of the colonic mucosa, similar to IBS.

A novel therapeutic modality using CRISPR-engineered dendritic cells to treat allergies.

Despite the important roles of dendritic cells (DCs) in airway allergies, current therapeutic strategies such as drugs, allergen immunotherapy and biologics haven't been targeted at them. In this study, we established a promising DC-based therapeutic approach for the alleviation of allergic rhinitis (AR)-associated allergic reactions, using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-mediated targeted gene disruption. RNA sequencing analysis revealed upregulation of vacuolar protein sorting 37 B (VPS37B) in AR-derived DCs, indicating a novel molecular target.

Exosomal miRNA-19a and miRNA-614 Induced by Air Pollutants Promote Proinflammatory M1 Macrophage Polarization via Regulation of RORα Expression in Human Respiratory Mucosal Microenvironment.

Air pollution exposure leads to various inflammatory diseases in the human respiratory system. Chronic rhinosinusitis is an inflammatory disease caused by viruses, bacteria, or air pollutants. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms through which air particulate matter (PM) causes inflammation and disease remain unclear.

TRPV4-Mediated Epithelial Junction Disruption in Allergic Rhinitis Triggered by House Dust Mites.

Background: Epithelial barrier disruption is a crucial feature of allergic rhinitis (AR). Previous reports have indicated the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) 4 in regulating the intercellular junctions in various cells. However, the role of TRPV4 and its regulation by T helper 2 cell cytokines in the epithelial cells of patients with AR remains unclear.

Identification of urban particulate matter-induced disruption of human respiratory mucosa integrity using whole transcriptome analysis and organ-on-a chip.

Background: Exposure to air particulate matter (PM) is associated with various diseases in the human respiratory system. To date, most in vitro studies showing cellular responses to PM have been performed in cell culture using a single cell type. There are few studies considering how multicellular networks communicate in a tissue microenvironment when responding to the presence of PM.