Cost-effectiveness of universal genetic screening for familial hypercholesterolemia in young adults aged 18-40 years in China.

Background: Mortality from familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) remains high due to late diagnosis, and the rate of timely diagnosis remains low (< 10% globally and < 1% in China). Early screening and treatment could significantly reduce mortality risk, especially among young adults. This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of universal genetic screening of young adults aged 18-40 years compared to universal cholesterol screening or current passive screening strategies (opportunistic cholesterol screening and genetic cascade testing) for FH in China.

Percutaneous endoscopic unilateral laminotomy and bilateral decompression improves gait quality and stance balance in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Percutaneous endoscopic unilateral laminotomy and bilateral decompression (Endo-ULBD) has been applied to patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSS). However, it remains unclear whether gait and postural balance in LSS patients fully recover to normal levels following ULBD surgery.

Methods: This retrospective study included 60 symptomatic LSS patients (LSS group) and 60 healthy age-matched adults (control group).

Focal adhesion in the tumour metastasis: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic targets.

The tumour microenvironment is the "hotbed" of tumour cells, providing abundant extracellular support for growth and metastasis. However, the tumour microenvironment is not static and is constantly remodelled by a variety of cellular components, including tumour cells, through mechanical, biological and chemical means to promote metastasis. Focal adhesion plays an important role in cell-extracellular matrix adhesion.

Label-free upconversion nanosensor for water safety monitoring of permanganate and dichromate ions.

Water contaminated with heavy metal ions poses serious threat to the human health and environment protection. It is imperative to develop analytical tools to detect heavy metal ions. Herein, we propose autofluorescence free SiO modified upconversion nanosensor for label-free and fast determination of MnO and CrO anions.

CARM1 regulates tubulin autoregulation through PI3KC2α R175 methylation.

Tubulin is crucial in several cellular processes, including intracellular organization, organelle transport, motility, and chromosome segregation. Intracellular tubulin concentration is tightly regulated by an autoregulation mechanism, in which excess free tubulin promotes tubulin mRNA degradation. However, the details of how changes in free tubulin levels initiate this autoregulation remain unclear.

Comprehensive characterization of lncRNA N-methyladenosine modification dynamics throughout bovine skeletal muscle development.

Background: N-methyladenosine (mA) methylation is a key epigenetic modification that can modulate gene expression and strongly affect mammalian developmental processes. However, the genome-wide methylation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and its implications for the development of skeletal muscle remain poorly understood. Bovine skeletal muscle samples from five developmental stages were analyzed in this study to establish lncRNA methylome and transcriptomic maps.

Impact of an upper limb motion-driven virtual rehabilitation system on residual motor function in patients with complete spinal cord injury： a pilot study.

Background: Assessing residual motor function in motor complete spinal cord injury (SCI) patients using surface electromyography (sEMG) is clinically important. Due to the prolonged loss of motor control and peripheral sensory input, patients may struggle to effectively activate residual motor function during sEMG assessments. The study proposes using virtual reality (VR) technology to enhance embodiment, motor imagery (MI), and memory, aiming to improve the activation of residual motor function and increase the sensitivity of sEMG assessments.

Exploring a recurrence model for atypical meningioma based on multiparametric MRI radiomic and clinical characteristics: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: Atypical meningioma (AM) has a high recurrence rate. This study explored the factors associated with recurrence and built a predictive model for AM by combining radiomic and clinical features.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled 451 adult AM patients who underwent surgical treatment at three institutions between May 2012 and April 2024.

Transcriptome analysis and reverse engineering verification of SNZ3 and Pho3 revealed the mechanism of adaptive laboratory evolution to increase the yield of tyrosol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain S26-AE2.

Background: Tyrosol is an important drug precursor, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the main microorganisms that produces tyrosol. Although excessive metabolic modification increases the production of tyrosol, it also causes a decrease in the growth rate of yeast. Therefore, this study attempted to restore the growth of S.

Spermine accumulation via spermine synthase promotes tumor cell proliferation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is among the most aggressive malignancies, underscoring the need for early diagnosis to improve patient outcomes. Tumor-derived exosomes, which can be non-invasively obtained and reflect the metabolic state of tumors in real-time, are under increasing investigation for their diagnostic potential. Herein we analyzed metabolite differences in exosomes, serum, and tissues from patients with HNSCC to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers of clinical relevance.

Association between nap time, nighttime sleep, and multimorbidity in Chinese older adults: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: This study aims to explore the relationship between sleep duration and multimorbidity among elderly Chinese and to determine the optimal sleep duration for preventing multimorbidity.

Methods: This study is based on data from the 2020 China Health and Elderly Care Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS), which collected detailed information from 5,761elderly individuals, including demographic characteristics, sleep duration, health status, and lifestyle information. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between sleep duration and multimorbidity, and restricted cubic spline analysis was employed to analyze the dose-response relationship between sleep duration and multimorbidity.

Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial genomes of Neocinnamomum.

Background: Neocinnamomum plants are considered a promising feedstock for biodiesel in China, due to the richness in long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) found in their seeds. However, the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of this genus has not yet been systematically described, and the exploration of species relationships within this genus using mitogenome sequences is also an uncharted territory. This has hindered our understanding of mitogenome diversity and the evolutionary relationships within Neocinnamomum.

Laminarin Alleviates Acute Lung Injury Induced by LPS Through Inhibition of M1 Macrophage Polarisation.

The lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury (ALI) mouse model is used to simulate human acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which has a high mortality rate. An imbalance between M1 and M2 macrophages, characterised by an increase in M1 macrophages, was observed in sepsis-induced ALI. We report that laminarin, an active ingredient found in algae, exhibits exceptional performance in a mouse model of sepsis-induced ALI.

Intranasal Administration of Human Neural Crest-Derived Nasal Turbinate Stem Cells Attenuates Microglia Activity in Mild Head Trauma Models.

Background: Mild head trauma often leads to long-term cognitive and neurological deficits. PLX3397, an inhibitor of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), offers promise as a therapeutic agent for traumatic brain injury (TBI) by targeting neuro-inflammation. Stem cell-based approaches are widely studied for neurological disorders.

Radiomics of lung ventilation/perfusion tomographic imaging in pulmonary embolism diagnosis.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a machine learning model (named V/P-mics) to identify pulmonary embolism based on lung ventilation/perfusion single-photon emission tomography (V/P-SPECT) images.

Methods: We retrospectively collected the data of 260 patients from one hospital who underwent V/P-SPECT. Patients were randomly assigned to training and testing groups in a 7:3 ratio.

Stroke Mechanisms in Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease: A Modified Classification System and Clinical Implications.

Background: In patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (sICAS), recent evidence has suggested an association between artery-to-artery embolism (AAE) and cortical borderzone (CBZ) infarcts.

Methods: We recruited patients with 50-99% anterior-circulation sICAS in this cohort. Stroke mechanisms were categorized as isolated parent artery atherosclerosis occluding penetrating artery (PAO), isolated AAE, isolated hypoperfusion, and mixed mechanisms, using two classification systems.

3D porous FeO-incorporated basalt filter unit for simultaneous removal of As(III) and As(V) from aqueous solutions: adsorption isotherm and mechanism.

The global community is very concerned about the removal of arsenic from contaminated water sources. There is significant global interest in practical methods for the removal of arsenic from polluted water sources. A 3D-porous Fe₂O₃-basalt composite was manufactured by a one-pot solvothermal approach and studied by several methods.

Enhancing the role of MRI in rectal cancer: advances from staging to prognosis prediction.

Rectal cancer (RC) is one of the major health challenges worldwide. Accurate staging, restaging, invasiveness assessment, and treatment efficacy evaluation are crucial for its clinical management. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a significant role in these processes.

Exploring cadmium uptake pathways in the roots of Coptis chinensis Franch.

To investigate the cadmium (Cd) uptake mechanism in the roots of Coptis chinensis Franch., we utilized non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT) to analyze Cd and H fluxes, alongside ICP-MS to assess Cd content and fluxes under various inhibitors and ion channel blockers. Results revealed that Cd uptake primarily occurs in the root meristematic zone.

A critical role of N-acetylation of cytidine in mRNA by NAT10 in T cell expansion and antiviral immunity.

Following activation, naive T cells exit quiescence and require global translation for rapid expansion, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that during T cell activation, cells upregulate the expression of N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10), an enzyme responsible for N-acetylcytidine (acC) modification of mRNAs. acC-modified Myc mRNAs show higher translation efficiency, enabling rapid synthesis of MYC protein and supporting robust T cell expansion.

Regulation of alternative splicing by CBF-mediated protein condensation in plant response to cold stress.

Cold acclimation is critical for the survival of plants in temperate regions under low temperatures, and C-REPEAT BINDING FACTORs (CBFs) are well established as key transcriptional factors that regulate this adaptive process by controlling the expression of cold-responsive genes. Here we demonstrate that CBFs are involved in modulating alternative splicing during cold acclimation through their interaction with subunits of the spliceosome complex. Under cold stress, CBF proteins accumulate and directly interact with SKI-INTERACTING PROTEIN (SKIP), a key component of the spliceosome, which positively regulates acquired freezing tolerance.

Microbiota-derived HS induces c-kit cDC1 autophagic cell death and liver inflammation in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.

Immune dysregulation-induced inflammation serves as a driving force in the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), while the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain largely uncharted. A Western diet (WD) is employed to construct mouse models of metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) or MASH. Mass cytometry identifies a c-kit cDC1 subset whose frequency is reduced in the livers of mice and patients with MASH compared with healthy controls.

Steady-state data-driven dynamic stability assessment in the Korean power system.

The extensive research on dynamic security assessment stability prediction has focused on data preprocessing techniques to improve accuracy because it was assumed that high-resolution postfault data exist. For practical users, the acquisition and application of high-resolution measurement data present significant challenges. Installing phasor measurement units on all power system nodes is deemed impractical due to high costs.

Pathogenic germline variants in Chinese pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients.

Putting pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) screening into perspective for high-risk individuals could significantly reduce cancer morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have profiled somatic mutations in PAAD. In contrast, the prevalence of mutations in PAAD predisposition genes has not been defined, especially in the Asian population.